Table 1.
Cohort characteristics.
| Total (n = 161) | No MOUD at discharge (n = 58) | MOUD at discharge (n = 103) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean age, years | 43.4 | 44.6 | 42.7 | 0.31 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male Female | 90 (55.9)71 (44.1) | 39 (67.2)19 (32.8) | 51 (49.5)52 (50.5) | 0.03 |
| Race | ||||
| White Black Latinx | 111 (68.9)48 (29.8)2 (1.2) | 40 (69.0)16 (27.6)2 (3.4) | 71 (68.9)32 (31.1)0 | 1.00 a |
| Homeless | 77 (47.8) | 27 (46.6) | 50 (48.5) | 0.81 |
| Injection drug use | 109 (67.7) | 36 (62.1) | 73 (70.9) | 0.25 |
| Additional SUD b | 77 (47.8) | 22 (37.9) | 55 (53.4) | 0.06 |
| HIV infection | 23 (14.3) | 8 (13.8) | 15 (14.6) | 0.89 |
| Addiction treatment | ||||
| MOUD treatment prior to admission | 85 (52.8) | 9 (15.5) | 76 (73.8) | <0.0001 |
| Addiction psychiatry consultation | 127 (78.9) | 41 (70.7) | 86 (83.5) | 0.06 |
| Infections | ||||
| Primary bacteremia Endocarditis Non-endocarditis endovascular infection Osteomyelitis or septic arthritis SSTI Other | 14 (8.7)42 (26.1)14 (8.7)71 (44.1)12 (7.5)8 (5.0) | 5 (8.6)15 (25.9)5 (8.6)28 (48.3)1 (1.7)4 (6.9) | 9 (8.7)27 (26.2)9 (8.7)43 (41.7)11 (10.7)4 (3.9) | ND |
| Pathogens | ||||
| Gram-positive monomicrobial Other (single or multiple Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and/or fungi) No pathogen identified | 107 (66.5)41 (25.5)13 (8.1) | 42 (72.4)13 (22.4)3 (5.2) | 65 (63.1)28 (27.2)10 (9.7) | 0.41 |
| MRSA MSSA | 64 (39.8)42 (26.1) | 24 (41.4)14 (24.2) | 40 (38.8)28 (27.2) | 0.91 |
| Streptococcus species | 38 (23.6) | 11 (19.0) | 27 (26.2) | 0.30 |
| Antibiotics | ||||
| Single antibiotic Multiple antibiotic | 145 (90.1)16 (9.9) | 54 (93.1)4 (6.9) | 91 (88.3)12 (12.7) | 0.42 |
| Penicillin (class) only Cephalosporin only Carbapenem only Glycopeptide only Lipopeptides only | 7 (4.3)75 (46.6)7 (4.3)37 (23.0)18 (11.2) | 3 (5.2)32 (55.2)3 (5.2)9 (15.5)6 (10.3) | 4 (3.9)43 (41.7)4 (3.9)28 (27.2)12 (11.7) | ND |
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; MOUD: medication for opioid use disorder; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA: methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; ND: comparison not done due to low numbers in some subgroups; OUD: opioid use disorder; SSTI: skin and soft tissue infection; SUD: substance use disorder.
a
Comparison between White and (Black + Latinx) due to low numbers of Latinx.
b
In addition to OUD, excluding nicotine and alcohol.