Table 1.

Probiotic fungi and bacteria for ruminants.

Organism	Species	Reference
Fungi	Aspergillus oryzae C. rugosa, C. pararugosa C. ethanolica, Magnusiomyces capitatus Debaryomyces hansenii Saccharomyces boulardii S. cerevisiae Pichia kudriavzevii, Candida tropicalis, Galactomyces sp.	Sucu et al., 2018 Fernandes et al., 2019 Angulo et al., 2019 Santos et al., 2021 Shakira et al., 2018 Suntara et al., 2021a
Bacteria (Gram-positive)
Lactobacillus	Lactobacillus acidophilus L. alimentarius L. amylorvous L. animalis L. casei L. mucosae L. plantarum L. reuteri, L. johnsonii, L. amylovorus L. rhamnosus L. salivarius L. sporogenes L. sakei Ligilactobacillus salivarius	Sharma et al., 2018b Apas et al., 2014 Maldonado et al., 2012 Ayala et al., 2018 Ayala-Monter et al., 2019 Royan et al., 2021 Izuddin et al., 2019 Fernandez et al., 2018 Maake et al., 2021 Stefańska et al. (2021) Shreedhar et al., 2016 Sasazaki et al., 2020 Varada et al., 2022
Other lactic acid bacteria	Lactococcus lactis Streptococcus bovis Enterococcus faecalis E. faecium Pediococcus acidilactici P. pentosaceus Propriobacterium freudenreichii	Armas et al., 2017 Aphale et al., 2019 Maake et al., 2021 Marcinakova et al., 2004 Reddy et al., 2011 Ladha and Jeevaratnam, 2018 Vasconcelos et al., 2008
Bifido-bacterium	Bifidobacterium bifidum B. longum, B. animalis B. pseudolongum B. ruminantium	Apas et al., 2014 Bunesova et al., 2012 Maake et al., 2021 Vlkova et al., 2009
Bacillus	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B. licheniformis B. subtilis, B. subtilis natto B. toyonensis	Schofield et al., 2018 Devyatkin et al., 2021 Devyatkin et al., 2021 Chang et al., 2021 Santos et al., 2021
Other	Paenibacillus sp.	Latham et al., 2018
Bacteria (Gram-negative)
	Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens E. coli E. coli Nissle 1917 Megasphaera elsdenii Prevotella bryantii	Fukuda et al., 2006 Tkalcic et al., 2003 Von Buenau et al., 2005 Carey et al., 2021 Chiquette et al., 2012