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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 23.
Published in final edited form as: Child Maltreat. 2021 Mar 31;26(3):255–266. doi: 10.1177/10775595211006465

Table 1.

Sample Characteristics.

Caregiver Characteristics Overall Sample (n = 2,068)
Weighted %
Wave 1 (n = 1,019)
Weighted %
Wave 2 (n = 1,049)
Weighted %
χ2(df), p-value
Age 3.99(4), p = 0.41
 18–24 years 6.5 7.1 5.9
 25–34 years 28.9 27.1 30.6
 35–44 years 41.9 42.4 41.4
 45–54 years 18.2 18.9 17.5
 55 years or older 4.6 4.5 4.6
Gender 1.95(2), p = 0.38
 Male 36.7 36.7 36.8
 Female 63.2 63.3 63.0
Race
 White/Caucasian 75.3 75.2 75.3 0.01 (1), p = 0.93
 Black/African American 13.6 13.8 13.4 0.09 (1), p = 0.77
 Native American/American Indian 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.74 (1), p = 0.19
 Asian/Pacific Islander 6.3 6.3 6.4 0.01 (1), p = 0.94
 Other 5.5 5.5 5.6 0.01 (1), p = 0.93
Hispanic Ethnicity 13.2 13.2 13.2 <0.01 (2), p = 1.00
Education Level 0.06 (2), p = 0.97
 High School or Lower 19.9 20.1 19.9
 Associate or Bachelors 51.7 51.4 52.0
 Graduate Degree 27.8 28.0 27.7
Income <0.01 (5), p = 1.00
 Below $10,000 6.2 6.2 6.2
 $10,000-$49,000 32.3 32.3 32.2
 $50,000-$99,999 27.7 27.7 27.7
 $100,000-$149,999 15.2 15.2 15.2
 $150,000 or more 15.7 15.7 15.7
 Prefer not to answer 2.9 2.9 2.9
Marital Status 14.83(5), p = 0.01
 Single (Never Married) 18.7 19.4 18.1
 Married 64.4 62.4 66.3
 Cohabitating 9.1 8.6 9.5
 Divorced 6.2 8.2a 4.3b
 Widowed 1.3 1.1 1.4
Selected Child Characteristics Mean (sd) Mean (sd) Mean (sd) t (df), p-value
8.2 (5.2) 8.5 (5.3) 7.9 (5.0) 2.89 (2,066), p = 0.004
Age Weighted % Weighted % Weighted % χ2(df), p-value
Gender 2.81 (2), p = 0.25
 Male 51.0 52.5 49.5
 Female 49.0 47.5 50.4