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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 23.
Published in final edited form as: Child Maltreat. 2021 Mar 31;26(3):255–266. doi: 10.1177/10775595211006465

Table 2.

Exposure to COVID-19 related stressors.

Personal
Other Household Member
Overall Wave 1 Wave 2 Overall Wave 1 Wave 2


Stressor Items % Yes
[95% CI]
% Yes % Yes χ2
p-value
% Yes
[95% CI]
% Yes % Yes χ2
p-value
Experienced COVID-19-related symptoms 10.7 [9.4, 12.0] 10.4 10.9 0.704 11.8 [10.4, 13.2] 10.8 12.8 0.154
Tested for COVID-19 15.7 [14.1, 17.2] 13.7 17.6 0.015 17.8 [16.2, 19.5] 16.7 19.0 0.174
Diagnosed with COVID-19 3.6 [2.8, 4.4] 2.4 4.8 0.003 6.8 [5.7, 7.9] 6.1 7.5 0.206
Treated at a health care facility due to symptoms 3.7 [2.9, 4.6] 3.4 4.0 0.516 7.7 [6.5, 8.8] 6.7 8.6 0.095
Quarantined (e.g., hospitalization, self-quarantine) 23.7 [21.9, 25.6] 23.0 24.4 0.429 25.5 [23.7, 27.4] 24.4 26.6 0.268
Have an underlying or chronic medical condition 21.0 [19.2, 22.8] 21.5 20.5 0.589 25.7 [23.8, 27.6] 25.5 25.9 0.836
Required to work from home 42.2 [40.1, 44.4] 43.8 40.8 0.173 31.7 [29.6, 33.7] 31.5 31.8 0.884
Required to work outside of home despite risks 22.4 [20.6, 24.2] 20.6 24.3 0.048 32.6 [30.5, 34.6] 31.4 33.7 0.276
Increased risk for exposure due to essential job position 21.6 [19.8, 23.4] 21.1 22.1 0.568 28.6 [26.7, 30.6] 30.0 27.2 0.161
Laid off or fired as result of pandemic 18.0 [16.3, 19.6] 17.0 18.9 0.266 18.7 [17.0, 20.3] 20.4 16.9 0.041
Financial loss from pandemic 42.4 [40.2, 44.5] 43.4 41.3 0.351 33.8 [31.7, 35.8] 35.7 31.8 0.062
Canceled a trip/vacation because of pandemic 50.9 [48.7, 53.1] 53.4 48.5 0.027 43.9 [41.7, 46.0] 44.6 43.1 0.516
Mean
(SD)
Mean
(SD)
Mean
(SD)
t-test
p-value
Mean
(SD)
Mean
(SD)
Mean
(SD)
t-test
p-value
Total Stressors (Count) 2.75 (1.96) 2.74 (1.82) 2.76 (2.09) 0.783 2.83 (2.41) 2.84 (2.42) 2.83 (2.41) 0.892
COVID-19 Distress 1.79 (0.68) 1.80 (0.69) 1.77 (0.68) 0.369