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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 23.

Published in final edited form as: Child Maltreat. 2021 Mar 31;26(3):255–266. doi: 10.1177/10775595211006465

Table 4.

COVID-19 Related Stress Experiences and Parents’ Use of Neglectful Parenting (Overall and By Subtype).

	Any Neglect			Any Emotional Neglect			Any Cognitive Neglect
	Model 1^a	Model 2^a	Model 3	Model 1^a	Model 2^a	Model 3	Model 1^a	Model 2^a	Model 3
	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]
Stressor Exposure
Personal	1.075^** [1.022, 1.130]	–	1.056^** [1.003, 1.111]	1.026 [0.914, 1.152]	–	1.065 [0.946, 1.198]	0.933 [0.814, 1.070]	–	0.949 [0.825, 1.091]
Other Member	1.083^*** [1.040, 1.129]	–	1.069^** [1.025, 1.114]	0.973 [0.883, 1.071]	–	1.000 [0.905, 1.105]	0.934 [0.834, 1.046]	–	0.944 [0.841, 1.059]
Distress	–	1.416^*** [1.241, 1.615]	1.281^*** [1.115, 1.472]	–	0.667^** [0.500, 0.891]	0.634^** [0.464, 0.865]	–	0.747 [0.540, 1.034]	0.815 [0.579, 1.149]
	Any Supervisory Neglect			Any Physical Neglect			Any Family-Based Neglect
Stressor Exposure
Personal	0.986 [0.935, 1.038]	–	0.989 [0.937, 1.043]	1.167^*** [1.109, 1.228]	–	1.130^*** [1.072, 1.190]	1.172^*** [1.097, 1.252]	–	1.137^*** [1.063, 1.217]
Other Member	1.018 [0.976, 1.061]	–	1.020 [0.978, 1.065]	1.088^*** [1.045, 1.134]	–	1.059^** [1.016, 1.104]	1.215^*** [1.153, 1.280]	–	1.184^*** [1.123, 1.248]
Distress	–	0.960 [0.835, 1.104]	0.950 [0.819, 1.101]	–	1.977^*** [1.703, 2.295]	1.716^*** [1.468, 2.006]	–	2.318^*** [1.846, 2.911]	1.747^*** [1.373, 2.224]

Note. ^apre-registered model; All models controlled for sample wave and for child age and gender, parent race/ethnicity, and household income.

^*

p < .05.

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001.