Table 2.
Metabolites identified as being associated with the AHEI-2010 score at M0, M6 and M12.
| M0 | M6 | M12 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LASSO (β) | LIMMA (logFC) | r | LASSO (β) | LIMMA (logFC) | r | LASSO (β) | LIMMA (logFC) | r | ||
| Microbial metabolites | ||||||||||
| Enterolignans | ||||||||||
| Enterolactone glucuronide | 5.6 | 0.016 | 0.40 | 2.3 | 0.014 | 0.36 | 3.5 | 0.016 | 0.38 | |
| Enterolactone sulfate | 0.25 | 0.00057 | 0.32 | 0.00057 | 0.32 | |||||
| Enterodiol sulfate | 0.16 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Urolithins | ||||||||||
| Urolithin A glucuronide | 2.7 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Urolithin B glucuronide | 0.08 | 0.0040 | 0.27 | 0.05 | ||||||
| Urolithin B sulfate | 0.10 | 17.5 | 0.00095 | 0.30 | 0.02 | |||||
| Urolithin C sulfate | 0.20 | 37.0 | 0.24 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Phenolic acids | ||||||||||
| 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid sulfate | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.0015 | 0.28 | ||||||
| 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid sulfate | 0.14 | 0.19 | 1.1 | 0.016 | 0.35 | |||||
| 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 0.13 | 0.0020 | 0.28 | 0.19 | ||||||
| Dihydroxybenzoic acid glucuronide | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.17 | ||||||
| Hippuric acid | 0.24 | 0.013 | 0.31 | 0.013 | 0.30 | |||||
| 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid sulfate | 0.13 | 0.19 | 1.2 | 0.017 | 0.33 | |||||
| o-Coumaric acid | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.0012 | 0.26 | ||||||
| Ferulic acid | 0.01 | 0.05 | 1.5 | 0.23 | ||||||
| 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | −0.07 | −9.1 | −0.21 | −0.04 | ||||||
| Dihydroisoferulic acid | 0.21 | 0.19 | 3.9 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Methylpyrogallol sulfate | 0.11 | 0.6 | 0.0067 | 0.29 | 0.0096 | 0.17 | ||||
| 2-Aminophenol sulfate | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.8 | 0.013 | 0.28 | |||||
| Flavonoids | ||||||||||
| Stilbenes | ||||||||||
| trans-Resveratrol 3-glucuronide | 0.14 | 3.5 | 0.0037 | 0.32 | 0.21 | |||||
| trans-Resveratrol 4'-glucuronide | −0.09 | 0.06 | −4.8 | −0.22 | ||||||
| cis-Resveratrol 4'-sulfate | 0.10 | 5.2 | 0.00097 | 0.28 | 0.15 | |||||
| cis-Resveratrol 4'-glucuronide | 0.07 | 0.0021 | 0.28 | 0 | ||||||
| trans-Resveratrol 3-sulfate | 0.09 | 0.00097 | 0.28 | 0.15 | ||||||
| Dihydroresveratrol 3-glucuronide | 0.11 | 12.1 | 0.00057 | 0.28 | 0.12 | |||||
| Furanocoumarins | ||||||||||
| Bergaptol sulfate | 0.15 | 4.6 | 0.22 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Anthocyanins | ||||||||||
| Delphinidin 3-glucoside | 0.15 | 0.23 | 61.8 | 0.18 | ||||||
| Peonidin 3-glucoside | 0.18 | 0.13 | 54.1 | 0.23 | ||||||
| Flavanones | ||||||||||
| Naringenin sulfate | 0.11 | 0.23 | 4.8 | 0.00082 | 0.32 | |||||
| Phenylethanoids | ||||||||||
| Hydroxytyrosol 3'-sulfate | 0.12 | 0.01 | 3.3 | 0.24 | ||||||
| Homovanillyl alcohol sulfate | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.2 | 0.23 | ||||||
| Tyrosol glucuronide | 0.09 | 0.0042 | 0.27 | 0.06 | ||||||
| Flavonols | ||||||||||
| Quercetin 3-glucuronide | 0.15 | 7.0 | 0.0012 | 0.27 | 0.05 | |||||
| Coffee | ||||||||||
| 5-(hydroxymethyl-2-furoyl)glycine (5-HMFG) | 2.7 | 0.25 | 7.2 | 0.0050 | 0.30 | 2.2 | 0.0057 | 0.30 | ||
| 2-furoylglycine (2-FG) | 0.14 | 0.9 | 0.0052 | 0.27 | 0.21 | |||||
| Trigonelline | 1.0 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 1.6 | 0.016 | 0.30 | ||||
| Meat and fish | ||||||||||
| L-carnitine | −0.15 | −6.8 | −0.0047 | −0.31 | −6.8 | −0.0054 | −0.31 | |||
| Carnosine | −0.04 | −0.15 | −1.8 | −0.20 | ||||||
| Trimethylamine N-oxide | 0.22 | 1.6 | 0.014 | 0.31 | 0.23 | |||||
| Arsenobetaine | 0.22 | 0.04 | 2.6 | 0.14 | ||||||
| Others | ||||||||||
| Ergothioneine | 0.11 | 0.06 | 3.9 | 0.0047 | 0.30 | |||||
| 4-Hydroxyproline betaine | 0 | 0.13 | 2.1 | 0.017 | 0.33 | |||||
| α-Chaconine | −0.05 | −0.13 | −47.1 | −0.20 | ||||||
| Nicotine | −0.17 | −0.17 | −2.4 | −0.24 | ||||||
| Cotinine | −0.16 | −0.14 | −0.3 | −0.24 | ||||||
For the LASSO values, only the non-zero β coefficients are shown, while for the LIMMA values, only those logFC values with an associated FDR < 0.05 are shown. Pearson's correlation (r) between the selected metabolites and the AHEI-2010 are also presented in the table.