Table 1. Some Properties of Poultry Manure and Its Biochars/Hydrochars.

	ultimate analysis (wt %)					atomic ratio
sample	C	H	N	S	Oa	O/C	H/C	ash (wt %)	HHV (MJ/kg)	EDb	C yield (%)
PM	34.4	4.6	2.9	0.1	21.3	0.46	1.60	36.7	14.4
PC-300	35.4	2.8	3.3		19.0	0.40	0.95	39.5	12.8	0.89	67.9
PC-400	34.0	2.0	2.6		17.6	0.39	0.71	43.8	11.4	0.79	56.3
PC-500	31.0	0.7	1.9		16.7	0.40	0.27	49.7	8.8	0.61	46.9
HC-200-0	31.0	3.8	2.2		29.5	0.71	1.47	33.5	11.5	0.80	56.8
HC-200-60	31.0	3.8	2.0		30.5	0.74	1.47	32.7	11.4	0.79	49.6
HC-220-0	32.2	3.6	1.9		27.6	0.64	1.34	34.7	11.9	0.82	53.4
HC-220-60	34.7	3.6	2.1		22.7	0.49	1.24	36.9	13.2	0.92	54.5
HC-240-0	34.2	3.6	1.9		24.6	0.54	1.26	35.7	12.9	0.89	54.7
HC-240-60	34.4	3.3	2.2		20.0	0.44	1.15	40.2	12.9	0.90	50.0

^aO (%) = 100 – (C + H + N + S + ash).

^bED (energy density) = HHV_char/HHV_PM.