| encapsulation |
iron encapsulated in banana peel matrix |
animal
bioassay (rat) |
tempeh |
A significant (p < 0.05) increase was observed
in serum hemoglobin and iron levels in all
groups with the highest value found in an iron matrix dose of 20 ppm. |
(137) |
| iron and folic acid (FA) bovine serum albumin nanoparticles |
animal bioassay (rat) |
stirred functional yogurt |
Enhancement in the levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, and
total protein was observed. |
(138) |
| microencapsulated
liposomal iron pyrophosphate |
human trial |
iron pyrophosphate sachets |
Microencapsulated
liposomal iron pyrophosphate sachets showed
higher palatability and bioavailability. |
(145) |
| Serum hemoglobin levels in nonpregnant women of reproductive
age were significantly increased. |
| lipoosomal iron |
human trial |
oral liposomal iron |
62% of the patients
who completed the treatment responded to
oral liposomal iron therapy (mean increases of hemoglobin from 11.4
to 12.6 g/dL). |
(146) |
| Number of patients
with mild iron deficiency was decreased. |
| chelation |
tripeptide iron complex, ferrous
glycinate |
animal bioassay (rat) |
- |
Blood parameters such as hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin
levels as well as growth parameters and mRNA expression which is a
marker of iron deficiency showed that the tripeptide iron complex
was more efficient than FeSO4 or the ferrous glycinate
complex in alleviating IDA. |
(154) |
| desalted
duck egg white peptides-ferrous chelate |
animal bioassay (rat) |
- |
In iron-deficient rats, 3 weeks of treatment caused red blood
cells, serum ferritin, hemoglobin, and serum iron levels to reach
the normal levels. |
(152) |
| The effects of IDA were reduced more efficiently by desalted
duck egg white peptide-ferrous chelate compared to FeSO4. |
| whey protein concentrate–iron
complex |
animal bioassay (rat) |
- |
In regular weaning and anemic conditions,
the WPC–Fe
complex supplementation improves iron bioavailability, hemoglobin
level, percent apparent digestibility coefficient, and percent retention/intake. |
(161) |
| In iron-deficient animals, a spray-dried
WPC–Fe complex
supplementation significantly increased iron digestion and metabolism. |
| nanoparticulation |
ferric
hydroxide-polyphosphate nanoparticles |
animal bioassay
(rat) |
- |
Relative iron bioavailability
from polyP-FeO NPs was greater
by ∼170% relative to FeSO4. |
(168) |
| bio iron(II) nanoparticles |
animal bioassay (rat) |
yogurt |
Bioiron nanoparticles were good sources of bioavailable iron. |
(169) |
| Bioiron nanoparticles in 200 and 400 μg/mL
were safe
and enhanced yogurt quality and shelf life. |
| β-lactoglobulin fibril iron nanoparticles |
animal bioassay (rat) |
- |
β-Lactoglobulin fibril iron nanoparticles were
digestible
and bioavailable without altering the organoleptic features of the
food carriers. |
(170) |
| β-Lactoglobulin
fibril nanocomposites showed no toxicity
in a rat assay. |
