Table 3.
Main findings of the included studies
| Study | MD adherence score | HRQoL score | HRQoL dimensions score | Correlation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p value | ||||
| Krece Plus vs. KIDSCREEN-10 | |||||
| Delgado-Floody et al., 2020 [20] | NR | NR | NR | For general score: NR For score by ethnicity Ethnic ascendant: 0.12 (0.04; 0.25) Nonethnic ascendant: 0.01 (-0.07; 0.09) | Ethnic ascendant: 0.063 Nonethnic ascendant: 0.763 |
| KIDMED vs. KIDSCREEN-27 | |||||
| Costarelli et al., 2012 [14] | 6.3 (SD, 2.4) | 50.1 (SD, 7.5) |
1. Physical well-being: 50.3 (SD, 9.8) 2. Psychological well-being: 50 (SD, 10.0) 3. Autonomy and relationship with parents: 50.05 (SD, 10.01) 4. Social relationships and peer pressure: 50 (SD, 9.8) 5. Peers and school environment: 50.3 (SD, 9.8) |
For general score: 0.21 | < 0.001 |
| Muros et al., 2016 [15] | 7.87 (SD, 2.08) | 52.96 (SD, 8.21) | NR | For general score: 0.142 | < 0.01 |
| Zervaki et al., 2017 [16] | 5.1 (SD, 1.8) | 50 (SD, 10) |
1. Physical well-being: 50.3 (SD, 9.9) 2. Psychological well-being: 49.9 (SD, 10.1) 3. Autonomy and relationship with parents: 50 (SD, 10) 4. Social relationships and peer pressure: 50.1 (SD, 9.8) 5. Peers and school environment: 50 (SD, 9.9) |
For general score: 0.13 | 0.049 |
| Rodriguez-Rosado et al., 2020 [21] |
Male: 6.20 (SD, 2.43) Female: 6.32 (SD, 2.44) |
Male: 82.1 (SD, 11.6) Female: 82.42 (SD, 10.88) |
Male: 1. Physical well-being: 85.3 (SD, 14.3) 2. Psychological well-being: 83.8 (SD, 11.7) 3. Autonomy and relationship with parents: 75.6 (SD, 18.1) 4. Social relationships and peer pressure: 85.8 (SD, 19.4) 5. Peers and school environment: 84.1 (SD, 13.2) Female: 1. Physical well-being: 83.5 (SD, 15.1) 2. Psychological well-being: 83.2 (SD, 10.6) 3. Autonomy and relationship with parents: 72.4 (SD, 15.4) 4. Social relationships and peer pressure: 88.1 (SD, 13.6) 5. Peers and school environment: 88.8 (SD, 13.6) |
For general score: 0.125 For score by dimensions 1. General health: NR 2. Physical well-being: 0.179 3. Psychological well-being: 0.121 4. Autonomy and relationship with parents: 0.49 5. Social relationships and peer pressure: 0.98 6. Peers and school environment: 0.209 |
General score: 0.130 1. General health: NR 2. Physical well-being: 0.035 3. Psychological well-being: 0.173 4. Autonomy and relationship with parents: 0.595 5. Social relationships and peer pressure: 0.264 6. Peers and school environment: 0.012 |
| Caamaño-Navarrete et al., 2021 [22] | 6.11 (SD, 2.34) | 37.37 (SD, 4.77) | NR | For general score: 0.11 (0.00; 0.22) | 0.059 |
| Mitri et al., 2021 [23] | Low (≤ 3): 233 (29.2%) Moderate (4–7): 459 (57.5%) Optimal (≥ 8): 106 (13.3%) | 45.81 (SD, 6) |
1. Physical well-being: 44.85 (SD, 8.44) 2. Psychological well-being: 37.38 (SD, 4.41) 3. Autonomy and relationship with parents: 49.12 (SD, 9.58) 4. Social relationships and peer pressure: 48.91 (SD, 11.51) 5. Peers and school environment: 48.72 (SD, 11.56) |
For general score: -0.069 | 0.093 |
| KIDMED vs. KIDSCREEN-10 | |||||
| Evaristo et al., 2018 [17] | 7.1 (SD, 2.1) | 39.1 (SD, 5.6) | NR | For general score: 0.259 (0.096; 0.421) | 0.002 |
| Esteban-Gonzalo et al., 2019* [18] | Primary school: Male: 5.9 (SD, 2.4) Female: 6.5 (SD, 2.2) Secondary school: Male: 6.6 (SD, 2.3) Female: 6.4 (SD, 2.2) | Primary school: Male: 41.5 (SD, 4.5) Female: 42.0 (SD, 5.0) Secondary school: Male: 39.6 (SD, 5.2) Female: 38.1 (SD, 5.3) | NR |
Primary school: Male: 0.11 (-0.13; 0.36) Female: 0.08 (-0.19; 0.37) Secondary school: Male: 0.46 (0.25; 0.66) Female: 0.41 (0.21; 0.61) |
Primary school: Male: 0.361 Female: 0.547 Secondary school: Male: < 0.001 Female: < 0.001 |
| KIDMED vs. KIDSCREEN-52 | |||||
| Ferrer-Cascales et al., 2019 [19] | NR | NR |
1. Physical well-being: 18.05 (SD, 3.9) 2. Psychological well-being: 23.33 (SD, 4.8) 3. Mood and emotions: 26.79 (SD, 5.8) 4. Self-perception: 19.49 (SD, 3.5) 5. Autonomy: 19.01 (SD, 4.24) 6. Parent relations and home life: 24.66 (SD, 4.88) 7. Financial resources: 11.9 (SD, 2.86) 8. Social support and peers: 25.05 (SD, 4.05) 9. School environment: 21.39 (SD, 4.53) 10. Social acceptance: 13.19 (SD, 2.23) |
For general score: NR For score by dimensions 1. Physical well-being: 0.812 2. Psychological well-being: 1.28 3. Mood and emotions: 1.62 4. Self-perception: 0.603 5. Autonomy: 1.06 6. Parent relations and home life: 1.23 7. Financial resources: 0.433 8. Social support and peers: 0.756 9. School environment: 0.934 10. Social acceptance: 0.212 |
1. Physical well-being: 0.00001 2. Psychological well-being: 0.00001 3. Mood and emotions: 0.00001 4. Self-perception: 0.00001 5. Autonomy: 0.00001 6. Parent relations and home life: 0.00001 7. Financial resources: 0.00001 8. Social support and peers: 0.00001 9. School environment: 0.00001 10. Social acceptance: 0.00001 |
| KIDMED vs. PedsQL | |||||
| Mozzillo et al., 2021 [24] | 5 (IQR:3; 7) | 75 (IQR: 65; 83) |
1. Physical functioning: 75 (IQR: 66; 84) 2. Emotional functioning: 70 (IQR: 55; 80) 3. Social functioning: 85 (IQR: 70; 95) 4. School functioning: 70 (IQR: 55; 85) |
For general score Odds ratio: 0.878 (0.804; 0.959) |
0.004 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or median (IQR)
*Originally a longitudinal study, it was considered the baseline cross-sectional cohort
MD (Mediterranean diet), HRQoL (Health-Related Quality of Life), NR (no report), CI (confidence interval)