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. 2022 Jun 23;19:43. doi: 10.1186/s12989-022-00482-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — PM_2.5-bound PAHs induced cell migration and OPN and IL-6 expression in VSMCs. VSMCs were treated with DMSO and 0.3μg/mL BaA, BaP, BbF, BeP, BkF, chrysene, or DahA for 48 h. The following parameters were determined: A migration abilities of VSMCs; B correlation between the AC₅₀ of AhR activation in the ToxCast and PM_2.5-induced migration abilities in VSMCs; C correlation between the AC₁₀ of AhR activation in the ToxCast and PM_2.5-induced migration abilities in VSMCs; D OPN protein levels in the media; E CYP1A1 relative mRNA levels; F CYP1B1 relative mRNA levels; and G IL-6 protein levels in the media. The results are presented as mean ± SD for three independent experiments with 2–4 replicates in each experiment.*p < 0.05 compared with the DMSO-treated cells (n = 3, one-way ANOVA). Control: DMSO treatment as control