Table 2.

The morphostructural changes of each entheses according to Madrid Sonographic Enthesis Index (MASEI) Scoring System in HD patients (n = 41) and healthy subjects (n = 23)

Parameter	HD patients (n = 41) Entheses (82)	Healthy controls (n = 23) Entheses =46	P
Inferior pole of the calcaneus: plantar aponeurosis enthesis
Thickness,mm, median (IQR)	4.3 (1.35)	3.15 (1.6)	0.000*
Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)	46 (56.1)	14 (30.4)	0.005*
Enthesis thickening,n (%)	36 (43.9)	7 (15.2)	0.001*
Bone erosions,n (%)	5 (6.1)	1 (2.2)	0.418
Calcification,n (%)
Mild	2 (2.4)	0	0.104
Moderate	14 (17.1)	3 (6.5)
Severe	3 (3.7)	5 (10.9)
Power Doppler signal,n (%)	0	0	–
Superior pole of the calcaneus: Achilles tendon enthesis
Thickness,mm, median (IQR)	5.2 (1.53)	4.1 (1.3)	0.000*
Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)	16 (19.5)	4 (8.7)	0.132
Enthesis thickening,n (%)	40 (48.8)	6 (13)	0.000
Retrocalcaneal bursitis	10 (12.2)	3 (6.5)	0.375
Bone erosions,n (%)	10 (12.2)	0	0..014*
Calcification,n (%)
Mild	6 (7.3)	1 (2.2)	0.208
Moderate	8 (9.8)	2 (4.3)
Severe	0	1 (2.2)
Power Doppler signal,n (%)	0	0	–
Tibial tuberosity: distal patellar ligament enthesis
Patellar ligament structure,n (%)	55 (67.1)	13 (28.3)	0.000*
Thickness,mm, median (IQR)	4.45 (1.6)	3.4 (0.85)	0.000*
Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)	27 (32.9)	2 (4.3)	0.000*
Enthesis thickening,n (%)	50 (61)	10 (21.7)	0.000*
Infrapatellar bursitis,n (%)	4 (4.9)	2 (4.3)	1
Bone erosions,n (%)	7 (8.5)	1 (2.2)	0.257
Calcification,n (%)
Mild	4 (4.9)	0	0.401
Moderate	2 (2.4)	1 (2.2)
Severe	1 (1.2)	0
Power Doppler signal,n (%)	0	0	–
Inferior pole of the patella: proximal patellar ligament enthesis
Thickness,mm, median (IQR)	4.55 (1.23)	3.5 (1.33)	0.000*
Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)	18 (22)	4 (8.7)	0.086
Enthesis thickening,n (%)	55 (67.1)	13 (28.3)	0.000*
Bone erosions,n (%)	4 (4.9)	1 (2.2)	0.654
Calcification,n (%)
Mild	1 (1.2)	1 (2.2)	0.693
Moderate	1 (1.2)	0
Severe	0	0
Power Doppler signal,n (%)	0	0	–
Superior pole of the patella: quadriceps tendon enthesis
Thickness,mm, median (IQR)	6.4 (1.7)	6 (1.53)	0.002*
Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)	36 (43.9)	9 (19.6)	0.006*
Enthesis thickening,n (%)	56 (86.3)	19 (41.3)	0.003*
Bone erosions,n (%)	28 (34.1)	4 (8.7)	0.001*
Calcification,n (%)
Mild	7 (8.5)	2 (4.3)	0.218
Moderate	11 (13.4)	2 (4.3)
Severe	1 (1.2)	0
Power Doppler signal,n (%)	3 (3.7)	0	0.552
Olecranon tuberosity: triceps tendon enthesis
Thickness,mm, median (IQR)	4.05 (2.43)	2.7 (1.03)	0.000*
Stuctural tendon abnormalities,n (%)	15 (18.3)	1 (2.2)	0.010*
Enthesis thickening,n (%)	35 (42.7)	0	0.000*
Bone erosions,n (%)	12 (14.6)	1 (2.2)	0.031*
Calcification,n (%)
Mild	6 (7.3)	0	0.091
Moderate	2 (2.4)	0
Power Doppler signal,n (%)	1 (1.2)	0	1

*p<0.05