Table 4.
Bivariate predictors of effective coverage and its components among those with 12-Month major depressive disorder, in all countries (n = 3341)
| Among those with 12-month MDD (n=3,341), received contact coveragea | Among those with contact coverage (n=1398) | Among those with 12-month MDD (n=3341), received effective coverage | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Received any pharmacotherapy | Received adequate pharmacotherapy | Received any psychotherapy | Received adequate psychotherapy | |||||||||||||||||
| OR | (95% CI) | F test | OR | (95% CI) | F test | OR | (95% CI) | F test | OR | (95% CI) | F test | OR | (95% CI) | F test | OR | (95% CI) | F test | FDR† | ||
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18-29 | 0.8 | (0.6-1.1) | 10.4* | 0.4* | (0.2-0.7) | 9.9* | 0.8 | (0.5-1.4) | 1.7 | 2.9* | (1.7-5.0) | 6.1* | 2.6* | (1.5-4.3) | 5.1* | 1.1 | (0.6-1.8) | 3.6* | 0.041 | |
| 30-44 | 1.1 | (0.8-1.5) | 0.8 | (0.4,1.3) | 1.2 | (0.8-2.0) | 2.9* | (1.7-4.8) | 2.8* | (1.6-4.7) | 1.6* | (1.0-2.6) | ||||||||
| 45-59 | 1.5* | (1.1-2.1) | 1.2 | (0.7-2.0) | 1.3 | (0.9-2.0) | 2.0* | (1.2-3.4) | 1.9* | 1.6* | (1.0-2.6) | |||||||||
| 60+ (Ref) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||||||||||||
| Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 0.7* | (0.5-0.9) | 3.0* | 0.9 | (0.6-1.4) | 0.7 | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) | 0.7 | 0.6* | (0.4–0.9) | 2.8* | 0.6 | (0.4–1.0) | 2.3 | 0.6* | (0.4–0.8) | 3.3* | 0.055 | |
| Low-average | 0.7* | (0.5–1.0) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.2) | 0.9 | (0.6,–.5) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.1) | ||||||||
| Average-high | 0.7* | (0.6–0.9) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.1) | 0.6* | (0.4–0.9) | 0.6* | (0.4–1.0) | 0.6* | (0.4–0.9) | ||||||||
| High (Ref) | REF | REF | REF | EF | REF | REF | ||||||||||||||
| Level of education | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Low | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 3.0* | 1.2 | (0.7–1.9) | 0.2 | 0.6* | (0.4–1.0) | 2.0 | 0.4* | (0.3–0.7) | 7.3* | 0.5* | (0.3–0.7) | 5.6* | 0.4* | (0.3–0.6) | 7.0* | 0.001 | |
| Low-average | 0.7* | (0.5–0.9) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.6) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.1) | 0.6* | (0.4–0.9) | 0.5* | (0.3–0.8) | 0.6* | (0.4–0.8) | ||||||||
| Average-high | 0.7* | (0.5–0.9) | 1.2 | (0.7–1.8) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.6) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | ||||||||
| High (Ref) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||||||||||||
| Type of insurance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| None (Ref) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||||||||||||
| Direct private/optional insurance | 2.2* | (1.4–3.2) | 6.8 | 1.1 | (0.6–2.1) | 0.1 | 0.9 | (0.4–1.8) | 0.2 | 1.4 | (0.7–2.6) | 2.8 | 1.7 | (0.8–3.4) | 3.7* | 2.4* | (1.2–5.0) | 4.3* | 0.042 | |
| Any other types of insurance | 1.3 | (1.0–1.8) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.9) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.5) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.5) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.8) | 1.4 | (0.7–2.5) | ||||||||
| Insurance | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct private/optional insurance (yes) | 1.7* | (1.2–2.4) | 9.8* | 1.0 | (0.7–1.5) | 0.0 | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) | 0.1 | 1.6* | (1.1–2.4) | 5.3* | 1.8* | (1.2–2.7) | 7.4* | 1.8* | (1.2–2.8) | 7.8* | 0.022 | |
| Severity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe (Ref.) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||||||||||||
| Moderate | 0.5* | (0.4–0.6) | 35.1* | 0.7* | (0.5–0.9) | 8.2* | 0.6* | (0.4–0.9) | 5.8* | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | 4.8* | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | 5.2* | 1.4* | (1.0–1.9) | 3.4* | 0.073 | |
| Mild | 0.4* | (0.3–0.5) | 0.4* | (0.2–0.6) | 0.5* | (0.3–0.8) | 0.5* | (0.3–0.8) | 0.5* | (0.3–0.8) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | ||||||||
MDD major depressive disorder; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval
*Significant at the 0.05 level, two-sided test
aModels are bivariate with each demographic predictor in separate models, controlling for country dummies. The following variables were non-significant: gender, marital status, employment status and survey year
†FDR: False discovery rate adjustment for multiple testing implementing the Benjamini-Hockberg method