Table 4.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for functional limitation by muscle-strengthening activities.
| Proportion Reporting Activity (n/total sample) | Proportion Reporting Functional Limitation per Activity Subgroup (n/row total) | Model 1aOR (95% CI) | Model 2bOR (95% CI) | Model 3cOR (95% CI) | Model 4dOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Muscle-strengthening | ||||||
| No | 633/1318 | 295/633 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 685/1318 | 267/685 | 0.71 (0.57–0.89) | 0.79 (0.63–1.00) | 0.81 (0.64–1.03) | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) |
| p value | 0.003 | 0.046 | 0.08 | 0.17 | ||
| Calisthenics | ||||||
| No | 1136/1318 | 490/1136 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 182/1318 | 72/182 | 0.81 (0.58–1.12) | 0.85 (0.61–1.18) | 0.87 (0.63–1.22) | 0.93 (0.66–1.32) |
| p value | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.68 | ||
| Free Weights | ||||||
| No | 1002/1318 | 438/1002 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 316/1318 | 124/316 | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) | 0.97 (0.74–1.28) | 1.00 (0.76–1.33) |
| p value | 0.22 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.99 | ||
| Weight Training Machines | ||||||
| No | 956/1318 | 427/956 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 362/1318 | 135/362 | 0.76 (0.59–0.99) | 0.85 (0.66–1.11) | 0.85 (0.66–1.11) | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) |
| p value | 0.038 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.30 | ||
| Other | ||||||
| No | 1197/1318 | 511/1197 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 121/1318 | 51/121 | 0.91 (0.62–1.34) | 0.98 (0.66–1.45) | 1.00 (0.67–1.48) | 1.03 (0.69–1.53) |
| p value | 0.63 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.90 | ||
Significant differences are presented in bold and set at α = 0.05 level.
a
Adjusted for age, and sex.
b
Adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus total aerobics activity (MET-min/week), body mass index, current smoking (yes/no), hypertension (present/not), diabetes (present/not), and hypercholesterolemia (yes/no).
c
Adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus cardiorespiratory fitness (treadmill time duration in minutes).
d
Adjusted for variables in Model 3 plus flexibility activity.