Table 2.
Mean and maximum gastrointestinal symptom scores for experimental conditions.
| Symptoms | Control |
Heat |
Npx |
NpxHeat |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | |
| Upper | ||||||||
| Reflux/Heartburn | 0% | – | 2.3% | 6 (0.1 ± 0.9) | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Belching | 4.5% | 1 (0.1 ± 0.4) | 4.6% | 6 (0.2 ± 0.9) | 0% | – | 4.5% | 4 (0.1 ± 0.6) |
| Bloating | 6.8% | 5 (0.4 ± 1.2) | 6.8% | 6 (0.5 ± 1.3) | 11.4% | 2 (0.2 ± 0.4) | 4.5% | 2 (0.2 ± 0.8) |
| Stomach pain | 11.4% | 2 (0.3 ± 0.6) | 9.1% | 6 (0.4 ± 1.3) | 6.8% | 2 (0.2 ± 0.5) | 6.8% | 2 (0.3 ± 1.1) |
| Vomiting | 0% | – | 4.5% | 2 (0.2 ± 1.1) | 0% | – | 4.5% | 2 (0.2 ± 1.1) |
| Nausea | 9.1% | 3 (0.2 ± 0.5) | 13.7% | 6 (0.5 ± 1.4) | 2.3% | 1 (0.0 ± 0.2) | 11.4% | 3 (0.3 ± 1.2) |
| Lower | ||||||||
| Intestinal cramps | 13.6% | 2 (0.3 ± 0.7) | 6.8% | 8 (0.5 ± 1.6) | 2.3% | 1 (0.0 ± 0.2) | 4.5% | 2 (0.2 ± 1.2) |
| Flatulence | 13.6% | 3 (0.3 ± 0.8) | 11.4% | 4 (0.3 ± 0.9) | 6.8% | 2 (0.1 ± 0.5) | 6.8% | 5 (0.3 ± 1.0) |
| Urge to defecate | 11.4% | 5 (0.4 ± 1.0) | 9.1% | 6 (0.5 ± 1.5) | 6.8% | 4 (0.2 ± 0.7) | 6.8% | 7 (0.3 ± 1.4) |
| Abdominal pain | 0% | – | 4.5% | 2 (0.1 ± 0.5) | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Loose stool/Diarrhea | 0% | – | 4.5% | 4 (0.4 ± 1.5) | 0% | – | 4.6% | 7 (0.4 ± 1.7) |
| Systemic | ||||||||
| Dizziness | 9.1% | 3 (0.1 ± 0.5) | 13.6% | 3 (0.2 ± 0.7) | 2.3% | 2 (0.1 ± 0.3) | 6.8% | 3 (0.2 ± 0.6) |
| Headache | 36.4% | 5 (0.6 ± 1.0) | 18.2% | 5 (0.3 ± 0.9) | 9.1% | 2 (0.1 ± 0.4) | 18.2% | 3 (0.2 ± 0.6) |
| Muscle cramps | 2.3% | 3 (0.1 ± 0.4) | 2.3% | 6 (0.1 ± 0.9) | 2.3% | 1 (0.0 ± 0.2) | 0% | – |
| Urge to urinate | 22.7% | 8 (0.8 ± 1.9) | 31.8% | 8 (0.9 ± 1.7) | 27.2% | 7 (0.9 ± 1.7) | 13.7% | 5 (0.5 ± 1.2) |
Percent incidence based on aggregate scores for each symptom reported at pre-, post-, 3 h post-, and 24 h post-exercise. Symptoms scored on a 0–9 scale.