Table 3.
Mean and maximum gastrointestinal symptom scores for experimental conditions during exercise.
| Symptoms | Control |
Heat |
Npx |
NpxHeat |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | Incidence | Max (M ± SD) | |
| Upper | ||||||||
| Reflux/Heartburn | 0% | – | 0% | – | 1.1% | 2 (0.0 ± 0.2) | 0% | – |
| Belching | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Bloating | 0% | – | 4.5% | 4 (0.1 ± 0.5) | 3.4% | 3 (0.1 ± 0.3) | 1.1% | 2 (0.0 ± 0.2) |
| Stomach pain | 0% | – | 4.5% | 4 (0.1 ± 0.6) | 5.7% | 2 (0.1 ± 0.4) | 0% | – |
| Vomiting | 0% | – | 1.1% | 5 (0.1 ± 0.5) | 0% | – | 1.1% | 7 (0.1 ± 0.7) |
| Nausea | 4.5% | 8 (0.2 ± 0.9) | 2.3% | 7 (0.1 ± 0.9) | 1.1% | 8 (0.1 ± 0.8) | 1.1% | 7 (0.1 ± 0.7) |
| Lower | ||||||||
| Intestinal cramps | 13.6% | 3 (0.3 ± 0.9) | 4.5% | 4 (0.1 ± 0.6) | 0% | – | 9.1% | 3 (0.1 ± 0.4) |
| Flatulence | 2.3% | 1 (0.0 ± 0.1) | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Urge to defecate | 0% | – | 1.1% | 4 (0.0 ± 0.4) | 2.3% | 4 (0.1 ± 0.4) | 2.3% | 4 (0.1 ± 0.6) |
| Abdominal pain | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Loose stool/Diarrhea | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Systemic | ||||||||
| Dizziness | 3.4% | 4 (0.1 ± 0.5) | 1.1% | 5 (0.1 ± 0.5) | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Headache | 9.1% | 4 (0.2 ± 0.9) | 1.1% | 4 (0.0 ± 0.4) | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Muscle cramps | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – | 0% | – |
| Urge to urinate | 20.4% | 8 (0.8 ± 1.9) | 10.2% | 7 (0.4 ± 1.5) | 26.1% | 8 (0.9 ± 1.9) | 5.6% | 5 (0.1 ± 0.7) |