Table 2.

Means and standard deviations for peak joint angles and range of motion (°) in the sagittal and frontal plane during stair climbing for females (n ​= ​20) and males (n ​= ​25).

Ascent		Female	Male	p-value
Hip	Flexion	70.2 ​± ​7.3	67.4 ​± ​4.7	0.066
	Extension	8.8 ​± ​6.1	7.9 ​± ​6.2	0.385
	ROM	62.8 ​± ​4.2	60.0 ​± ​4.8	0.092
Knee	Flexion	99.1 ​± ​6.3	95.7 ​± ​5.1	0.138
	Extension	7.3 ​± ​5.4	7.6 ​± ​6.5	0.753
	ROM	92.3 ​± ​8.6	88.2 ​± ​5.6	0.088
Ankle	DF	11.3 ​± ​4.1	14.5 ​± ​5.6	0.366
	PFa	23.7 ​± ​5.3	15.6 ​± ​3.7	< 0.001
	ROMa	35.9 ​± ​5.2	31.2 ​± ​5.7	0.007
Hip	Adduction	7.8 ​± ​4.6	4.6 ​± ​4.6	0.076
	Abduction	9.1 ​± ​3.4	8.4 ​± ​3.6	0.702
	ROMa	17.3 ​± ​3.2	13.2 ​± ​4.5	0.006
Knee	Abduction	2.7 ​± ​4.7	2.3 ​± ​4.3	0.150
	Adduction	8.6 ​± ​17.0	15.7 ​± ​15.3	0.064
	ROM	17.3 ​± ​9.4	19.1 ​± ​10.9	0.564
Ankle	Adductiona	6.8 ​± ​4.8	2.5 ​± ​2.5	0.001
	Abduction	1.9 ​± ​1.0	1.6 ​± ​1.7	0.329
	ROMa	9.5 ​± ​4.3	6.8 ​± ​2.7	0.017
Descent		Female	Male	p-value
Hip	Flexion	42.7 ​± ​9.2	41.3 ​± ​5.6	0.495
	Extension	12.2 ​± ​7.5	12.3 ​± ​5.5	0.528
	ROM	30.5 ​± ​4.3	29.1 ​± ​3.6	0.847
Knee	Flexion	97.6 ​± ​5.6	95.4 ​± ​4.6	0.091
	Extensiona	4.2 ​± ​3.4	7.0 ​± ​3.3	0.012
	ROMa	96.2 ​± ​5.6	90.3 ​± ​3.8	< 0.001
Ankle	DF	33.7 ​± ​5.1	35.0 ​± ​6.6	0.789
	PFa	29.9 ​± ​5.0	22.1 ​± ​7.9	0.004
	ROMa	64.5 ​± ​3.9	59.1 ​± ​7.5	0.003
Hip	Adduction	7.8 ​± ​4.6	4.6 ​± ​4.6	0.108
	Abduction	9.1 ​± ​3.4	8.4 ​± ​3.6	0.084
	ROM	14.4 ​± ​4.0	14.7 ​± ​4.2	0.437
Knee	Abductiona	0.2 ​± ​5.6	3.2 ​± ​4.8	0.002
	Adduction	13.0 ​± ​16.1	21.6 ​± ​14.0	0.226
	ROM	16.5 ​± ​10.5	15.4 ​± ​11.7	0.630
Ankle	Adduction	4.8 ​± ​5.6	8.9 ​± ​6.1	0.108
	Abduction	1.1 ​± ​1.6	0.3 ​± ​1.0	0.084
	ROM	12.8 ​± ​3.6	12.8 ​± ​4.8	0.882

DF, dorsiflexion; PF, plantar flexion; ROM, range of motion.

^a, p ​< ​0.05, indicates a significance between males and females.