Table 1.

Muscle groups.

muscle	preferred	backwards	forwards	preferred vs backwards	preferred vs forwards	backwards vs forwards
	Mean iEMGr ±SD			p value
BF	1.000 ​± ​0.027	1.065 ​± ​0.029	0.903 ​± ​0.052	0.004	0.003	< 0.001
GM	1.005 ​± ​0.018	1.159 ​± ​0.071	0.927 ​± ​0.065	0.001	0.020	0.001
MG	0.990 ​± ​0.052	1.040 ​± ​0.051	0.951 ​± ​0.049	0.095	0.672	0.011
TA	0.957 ​± ​0.064	0.931 ​± ​0.128	1.175 ​± ​0.157	0.874	0.010	0.056
VL	0.989 ​± ​0.021	0.940 ​± ​0.056	0.955 ​± ​0.047	0.146	0.440	0.731
VM	1.009 ​± ​0.047	0.968 ​± ​0.056	0.969 ​± ​0.076	0.358	0.481	0.966
RF	1.013 ​± ​0.038	0.969 ​± ​0.099	0.922 ​± ​0.110	0.317	0.144	0.687

iEMGr ​= ​integrated electromyography ratio. SD = ​standard deviation. BF ​= ​biceps femoris. GM ​= ​gluteus maximus. MG ​= ​medial gastrocnemius. TA ​= ​tibialis anterior. VL ​= ​vastus lateralis. VM ​= ​vastus medialis. RF ​= ​rectus femoris.