Table 2.
Summary table showing the differences in the participant demographics, postural stability, gait and functional joint range of motion between the two groups of participants (Group I: Immediate Treatment & Group 2: Waitlist Control) at baseline and at 12 weeks.
| Baseline |
12 weeks |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group I Median (IQR) | Group II Median (IQR) | p - value | Group I Median (IQR) | Group II Median (IQR) | Effect Size, d | |
| Demographics and Disease Metrics | ||||||
| Age, years | 64.0 (12.5) | 67.0 (12.8) | 0.6 | – | – | – |
| Hoehn & Yahr Stage (1–3) | 2 (0.8) ∗ | 2 (0.8) ∗ | 0.9 | – | – | – |
| Motor UPDRS (0–108) | 25.5 (13.5) | 26.5 (11.3) | 0.6 | 15 (8.3) | 21.3 (7.8) | -0.67 |
| Sway Path Length (mm) | ||||||
| Eyes Open | ||||||
| Normal Stance | 7999.8 (3673.6) | 6471.5 (4066.4) | 0.5 | 4826.0 (1834.6) | 5823.9 (2174.2) | -0.58 |
| Stance, Flexed Arms | 7826.1 (3474.9) | 6531.5 (4004.2) | 0.8 | 5038.7 (1636.0) | 5873.3 (1769.0) | -0.34 |
| Tandem Stance | 8104.3 (2831.0) | 6889.6 (3726.9) | 0.8 | 5372.8 (1532.0) | 7017.1 (1120.9) | -0.82 |
| Eyes closed | ||||||
| Normal Stance | 7984.6 (3475.8) | 6469.8 (4202.0) | 0.7 | 4907.6 (1553.9) | 5753.2 (2235.8) | -0.27 |
| Stance, Flexed Arms | 7834.8 (3618.8) | 6557.5 (4114.4) | 0.7 | 5056.0 (1613.1) | 5808.8 (1630.9) | -0.49 |
| Tandem Stance | 8048.3 (3481.1) | 7840.8 (5569.5) | 0.9 | 5252.6 (1184.0) | 7094.7 (-) | – |
| Gait Variables | ||||||
| Foot Clearance, Left (mm) | 253.8 (33.8) | 232.3 (57.3) | 0.7 | 245.3 (25.9) | 234.8 (15.4) | 0.53 |
| Foot Clearance, Right (mm) | 241.2 (52.9) | 231.7 (50.2) | 0.6 | 247.5 (18.9) | 230.0 (15.5) | 0.79 |
| Max. Walking Speed (m/s) | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.2) | 0.8 | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.1) | 0.59 |
| Avg. Walking Speed (m/s) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.0 | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.64 |
| Turning Time (s) | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.1 (1.1) | 0.6 | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | -0.45 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 45.0 (5.7) | 44.6 (8.1) | 0.5 | 47.2 (6.6) | 47.7 (9.9) | 0.3 |
| Arm Swing, Left (deg) | 26.0 (20.5) | 37.6 (36.3) | 0.1 | 20.5 (12.1) | 43.5 (26.2) | -1.1 |
| Arm Swing, Right (deg) | 28.1 (30.4) | 27.3 (18.3) | 0.9 | 29.4 (23.5) | 30.1 (17.0) | -0.22 |
| Functional ROM | ||||||
| Knee Flexion, Left (deg) | 16.6 (26.9) | 26.3 (24.0) | 0.8 | 27.9 (21.5) | 36.2 (14.5) | 0.48 |
| Knee Flexion, Right (deg) | 17.6 (17.1) | 23.8 (15.5) | 0.7 | 23.0 (14.7) | 24.2 (17.7) | -0.06 |
| Hip Flexion, Left (deg) | 38.3 (11.7) | 41.4 (13.8) | 0.3 | 40.1 (10.9) | 44.8 (8.5) | 0.73 |
| Hip Flexion, Right (deg) | 46.1 (19.0) | 45.8 (14.8) | 0.6 | 46.0 (14.2) | 46.5 (8.2) | 0.45 |
| Hip Abduction, Left (deg) | 107.6 (15.3) | 98.6 (12.2) | 0.1 | 105.7 (17.1) | 102.3 (17.9) | -0.85 |
| Hip Abduction, Right (deg) | 104.1 (26.8) | 94.8 (17.3) | 0.8 | 108.9 (11.0) | 104.6 (15.9) | -0.82 |
| Trunk Flexion (deg) | 86.4 (36.7) | 95.8 (39.1) | 0.6 | 100.6 (30.7) | 99.0 (16.9) | -0.37 |
| Trunk Rotation (deg) | 70.3 (26.5) | 73.3 (44.5) | 0.5 | 64.6 (18.9) | 86.7 (22.2) | 0.67 |
Note: ∗ indicates mean (SD).