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Leukocyte adhesion assay experimental workflow. (a) A brief history of the development of adhesion assay. Currently, the fluorescence-based adhesion assay is the dominant tool used to study EC adhesion. (b) A schematic diagram of the fluorescence-based adhesion assay. The process includes EC monolayer and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMCs) preparation and treatment, mixture of treated EC monolayer and labeled HPBMCs and detection and quantitation of fluorescence intensity
