Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects (mean ± SD).
| Exercise (n = 24) |
Diet (n = 27) |
Control (n = 21) |
Between-group |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 months | Baseline | 6 months | Baseline | 6 months | 1 vs 3 | 2 vs 3 | |
| Age (years) | 51.2(9.7) | – | 51.7(9.3) | – | 50.7(9.3) | – | ||
| Weight (kg) | 92.3(14.6) | 92.5(13.9) | 93.8(11.8) | 92.7(11.9) | 93.1(17.2)c | 94.4(17.8) | 0.176 | 0.005 |
| BMI | 29.3(4.0) | 29.4(3.8) | 29.4(3.7) | 29.0(3.7) | 29.2(4.4) | 29.4(4.6) | 0.612 | 0.047 |
| Total fat mass (kg) | 27.3(9.5) | 27.2(9.0) | 27.4(8.4) | 26.8(8.6) | 28.0(9.7)c | 28.9(10.7) | 0.180 | 0.027 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7(0.7) | 1.8(0.9) | 1.6(0.6) | 1.5(0.6) | 1.5(0.7) | 1.4(0.6) | 0.104 | 0.867 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2285.2(561.6) | 2043.1(643.6) | 1981.2(372.1) | 1877.1(487.9) | 2223.5(410.1)c | 1920.9(463.7) | 0.588 | 0.606 |
| VO2max | 29.3(9.3)a | 31.4(9.3) | 27.2(9.6)b | 29.6(10.8) | 30.9(7.9) | 30.4(8.0) | 0.086 | 0.053 |
| Total energy expenditure (MET min/day) | 2349.9(224.8) | 2335.5(235.3) | 2346.1(215.9) | 2398.8(234.9) | 2341.1(242.8) | 2322.6(233.7) | 0.887 | 0.282 |
a: exercise 0 m compare with exercise 6 m; b: diet 0 m compare with diet 6 m; c: control 0 m compare with control 6 m, p < 0.05.
Between-group (1: exercise, 2: diet, 3: control) differences were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA, followed with Sidak corrections for multiple comparisons.