Table 3.
Differences in health-related variables by type of extracurricular activity in children (n = 545).
| Outcome Variable | No Participation (n = 171) | Sports/Dance/Martial Arts (n = 276) | Art/Music Class (n = 98) | Overall Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Activity (PAQ-C) (scored 1–5) |
2.89 ± 1.17 (2.79, 2.99) | 3.23 ± 0.93∗ (3.15, 3.30) | 3.10 ± 1.63∗ (2.97, 3.23) | F(2,542) = 13.800, p < 0.001 |
| Fruit Intake (times consumed/day, scored 0–3) | 1.20 ± 1.87 (1.05, 1.36) | 1.44 ± 2.50 (1.31, 1.56) | 1.38 ± 2.57 (1.17, 1.59) | F(2,542) = 2.605, p = 0.075 |
| Vegetable Intake (times consumed/day, scored 0–3) | 0.91 ± 1.87 (0.76, 1.06) | 1.05 ± 1.40 (0.94, 1.17) | 0.89 ± 2.34 (0.69, 1.08) | F(2,542) = 1.615, p = 0.200 |
| Junk Food Index (scored 0–18) | 4.81 ± 6.82 (4.24, 5.38) | 6.29 ± 5.37∗ (5.85, 6.74) | 5.51 ± 8.87 (4.76, 6.26) | F(2,542) = 8.169, p < 0.001 |
| Parent-related Quality of life (QoL) (scored 1–100) | 71.83 ± 33.39 (69.03, 74.63) | 76.37 ± 26.15∗ (74.16, 78.57) | 72.89 ± 43.90 (69.19, 76.59) | F(2,542) = 3.479, p = 0.032 |
| Peer-related QoL (scored 1–100) | 78.71 ± 37.59 (75.55, 81.87) | 83.03 ± 29.65 (80.54, 85.51) | 80.41 ± 49.74 (76.24, 84.59) | F(2,542) = 2.304, p = 0.101 |
| Psychological Well-being QoL (scored 1–100) | 77.39 ± 28.02 (75.04, 79.74) | 78.34 ± 21.95 (76.53, 80.22) | 76.18 ± 36.89 (73.08, 79.29) | F(2,542) = 0.751, p = 0.472 |
| School Environment QoL (scored 1–100) | 76.40 ± 35.26 (73.45, 79.36) | 76.78 ± 27.79 (74.45, 79.10) | 78.32 ± 46.70 (74.41, 82.22) | F(2,542) = 0.313, p = 0.732 |
Variables are presented as Mean ± standard deviation and (95% confidence interval).
∗Significantly greater than no participation (p < 0.05).