Table 1.

Summary of guidelines for other variables of bicycle configuration.

Variable	Recommendation	Based upon	Study
Saddle height	25°-35° knee flexion angle at bottom dead centre (static)	Scientifically based	(Bini et al., 2011; Holmes et al., 1994; Peveler, 2008; Peveler et al., 2005, 2007; Peveler & Green, 2011)
Saddle setback	Formula related to upper leg length	Personal perspective	(de Vey Mestdagh, 1998)
	Plumbline and knee over pedal spindle in the 3 o'clock position (static)	Personal experience and recommendations	(Burke, 2003; Burt, 2014; Silberman et al., 2005)
Handlebar reach	Formula determined by arm length and torso length	Personal perspective	(de Vey Mestdagh, 1998)
	Plumbline from cyclist's nose dropped to centre of stem, hands in drops	Personal experience and recommendations	(Burke, 2003)
	Comfort in the drops, elbows flexed 60° to 70° With the knees at their maximal height and forward position, the distance between the elbows and knees should be small, 1–2 inches (2–5 cm)	Personal experience and recommendations	(Silberman et al., 2005)
	Related to forearm length	Personal experience and recommendations	(Pruitt & Matheny, 2006)
	Individual, comfort	Personal experience and recommendations	(Burt, 2014)
Handlebar height	Formula determined by arm length and torso length	Personal perspective	(de Vey Mestdagh, 1998)
	2.5 cm–5 cm below saddle for small cyclists 10 cm below saddle for tall cyclists	Personal experience and recommendations	(Burke, 2003)
	Hands on the brake hoods, arms slightly flexed, the torso should flex to about 45° in relation to a non-sloping top tube	Personal experience and recommendations	(Silberman et al., 2005)
	Racer and competitive recreational cyclists' torso angle 30°–45° Casual cyclist 50°–60° torso angle	Personal experience and recommendations	(Pruitt & Matheny, 2006)
	Individual, comfort	Personal experience and recommendations	(Burt, 2014)