Table 5.

Path coefficients of cross-lagged panel models on PHQ-9 factors and lnRMSSD with covariates.

	RMSSD-PHQ-9 som model				RMSSD-PHQ-9 cog model
	lnRMSSD		PHQ-9 som		lnRMSSD		PHQ-9 cog
	Estimate	CI	Estimate	CI	Estimate	CI	Estimate	CI
Stability paths (T1–T2)	0.60*	0.53, 0.66	0.62*	0.56, 0.68	0.60*	0.53, 0.66	0.67*	0.61, 0.72
Cross-lagged effects (T1–T2)	PHQ-9 som → lnRMSSD		lnRMSSD → PHQ-9 som		PHQ-9 cog → lnRMSSD		lnRMSSD → PHQ-9 cog
	− 0.01	− 0.02, 0.01	− 0.19	− 0.49, 0.09	− 0.01	− 0.02, 0.01	0.01	− 0.27, 0.30
Effects of covariates (T1)
Sex	0.03	− 0.05, 0.11	0.09	− 0.23, 0.42	0.03	− 0.05, 0.10	− 0.11	− 0.44, 0.22
Age	− 0.01*	− 0.01, − 0.01	− 0.01	− 0.02, 0.01	− 0.01*	− 0.01, − 0.01	− 0.02*	− 0.03, − 0.00
BMI	< 0.01	− 0.01, 0.00	0.02	− 0.02, 0.06	< 0.01	− 0.01, 0.00	0.03	− 0.01, 0.06
Smoking	− 0.13*	− 0.23, − 0.02	− 0.06	− 0.50, 0.37	− 0.13*	− 0.23, − 0.03	0.17	− 0.28, 0.62
Alcohol consumption	< 0.01	− 0.12, 0.12	− 0.65*	− 1.16, − 0.14	< 0.01	− 0.12, 0.11	− 0.19	− 0.73, 0.36
Cardiovascular disease	< 0.01	− 0.09, 0.10	− 0.06	− 0.49, 0.35	< 0.01	− 0.10, 0.10	0.15	− 0.28, 0.58

Sex is coded 0 = male, 1 = female; BMI = body mass index; Cardiovascular Disease = self-reported hypertension and/or cardiac arrhythmias; CI = confidence interval; PHQ-9 cog = Patient Health Questionnaire 9—cognitive factor; PHQ-9 som = Patient Health Questionnaire 9—somatic factor; lnRMSSD = root mean square of successive difference between heart beats, logarithmized; T1 = first attended measurement time point; T2 = measurement time point with the largest time-lag to T1.

*CI does not include zero.