Table 1.
Participant Characteristics With Statistical Significance (p<0.05)
| Characteristics | All (N=71) |
Non-obese (N=40) |
Obese (N=31) |
p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 40.4 (13.9) | 39.7 (14.8) | 41.3 (12.8) | 0.65 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.6 (8.9) | 24.7 (2.7) | 38.3 (8.3) | <0.01 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.24 | |||
| ≤High school | 7 (9.9) | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | |
| Some college or degree | 47 (66.2) | 29 (61.7) | 18 (38.3) | |
| Post graduate | 17 (23.9) | 9 (52.9) | 8 (47.1) | |
| Household income, n (%) | 0.26 | |||
| <$10,000 | 14 (19.7) | 7 (50) | 7 (50) | |
| $10,000–$19,999 | 5 (7.0) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | |
| $20,000–$29,999 | 3 (4.2) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | |
| $30,000–$39,999 | 12 (16.9) | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | |
| $40,000–$49,999 | 15 (21.1) | 7 (46.7) | 8 (53.3) | |
| ≥$50,000 | 22 (31.0) | 17 (77.3) | 5 (22.7) | |
| Black, n (%) | 43 (60.6) | 19 (44.2) | 24 (55.8) | 0.02 |
| Calories, kcal (SD) | 1,998.8 (1,032.7) | 2,041.3 (1,046.9) | 1,943.9 (1,028.7) | 0.70 |
| Carbohydrate, g (SD) | 241.9 (160.5) | 251.4 (170.5) | 229.7 (148.5) | 0.58 |
| Protein, g (SD) | 76.4 (34.6) | 80.5 (33.9) | 71.1 (35.3) | 0.26 |
| Fat, g (SD) | 83.8 (45.4) | 83.3 (45.5) | 84.3 (46.1) | 0.93 |
| Dietary fiber, g (SD) | 17.6 (9.9) | 17.9 (10.5) | 17.2 (9.1) | 0.77 |
| Total grains, oz eq (SD) | 5.5 (3.8) | 5.0 (2.7) | 6.2 (4.9) | 0.22 |
| Non-whole grain, oz eq (SD) | 4.8 (3.8) | 4.3 (2.7) | 5.5 (4.9) | 0.22 |
| Whole grains, oz eq (SD) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.96 |
| Total vegetables, cup eq (SD) | 1.9 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.6) | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.92 |
| Total fruit, cup eq (SD) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.4) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.01 |
| Saturated fatty acids, g (SD) | 27.2 (16.8) | 27.9 (17.7) | 26.2 (15.9) | 0.67 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids, g (SD) | 30.9 (18.7) | 29.8 (18.4) | 32.3 (19.4) | 0.58 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids, g (SD) | 18.7 (11.4) | 18.7 (11.6) | 18.7 (11.3) | 0.99 |
| Total unsaturated fat, g (SD) | 49.6 (28.6) | 48.5 (28.2) | 51.0 (29.5) | 0.71 |
| HEI-2010 scores [maximum points], mean (SD) | ||||
| Vegetable Intake [5] | 3.7 (1.5) | 3.5 (1.7) | 3.9 (1.1) | 0.19 |
| Dark Green Vegetable and Bean Intake [5] | 2.3 (2.3) | 2.2 (2.3) | 2.4 (2.4) | 0.68 |
| Fruit Intake [5] | 2.6 (2.2) | 3.1 (2.2) | 2.0 (2.0) | 0.04 |
| Whole Fruit Intake [5] | 2.4 (2.4) | 2.9 (2.4) | 1.7 (2.3) | 0.03 |
| Whole Grain Intake [10] | 2.4 (3.2) | 2.4 (3.2) | 2.3 (3.3) | 0.85 |
| Total Dairy Intake [10] | 5.0 (3.5) | 5.2 (3.4) | 4.8 (3.7) | 0.62 |
| Total Protein Intake [5] | 4.1 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.2) | 3.9 (1.6) | 0.19 |
| Seafood and Plant Protein Intake [5] | 1.9 (2.3) | 2.0 (2.4) | 1.6 (2.1) | 0.46 |
| Type of Fat Intake [10] | 5.0 (3.9) | 4.4 (3.9) | 5.7 (3.7) | 0.18 |
| Sodium Intake [10] | 3.1 (3.4) | 3.5 (3.6) | 2.5 (3.1) | 0.22 |
| Refined Grain Intake [10] | 6.5 (3.6) | 6.8 (3.6) | 6.1 (3.6) | 0.40 |
| Empty Calories [20] | 12.2 (6.1) | 12.8 (6.5) | 11.4 (5.4) | 0.34 |
| HEI-2010 Total Score [0-100] | 51.0 (16.2) | 53.2 (17.4) | 48.3 (14.3) | 0.21 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
kcal, kilocalories; g, grams; oz eq, ounce equivalents; cup eq, cup equivalents; HEI, Healthy Eating Index.