Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases and frequency-matched* controls, 2014–2015.
| SLE Cases (n=462) mean (SD) or frequency (%) | Controls (n=192) mean (SD) or frequency (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) or frequency (%) | mean (SD) or frequency (%) | ||
|
| |||
| Age (years) SD | 53.3 (12.3) | 53.6 (14.0) | NS |
| Sex a | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 430 (93.1) | 154 (80.2) | |
| Male | 32 (6.9) | 38 (19.8) | |
| Race | NS | ||
| White | 233 (50.4) | 107 (55.7) | |
| Black | 208 (45) | 77 (40.1) | |
| Other/unspecified b | 21 (4.5) | 8 (4.2) | |
| Median Income | NS | ||
| Below US Median | 198 (45.5) | 70 (38.0) | |
| Above US Median | 237 (54.5) | 114 (62.0) | |
| Poverty | 87 (18.8) | 45 (23.4) | NS |
| Insurance | NS | ||
| None | 10 (2.2) | 7 (3.6) | |
| Medicaid c | 112 (24.2) | 47 (24.5) | |
| Medicare/age <65 yrs | 68 (14.7) | 13 (6.8) | |
| Medicare/age ≥65 yrs | 66 (14.3) | 29 (15.1) | |
| Private | 198 (42.9) | 90 (46.9) | |
| Other | 8 (1.7) | 6 (3.1) | |
| Number of prescriptions (at time of visit) d | |||
| Prescription medications | 7 (3, 11) | 2 (0, 5) | <0.001 |
| Chronic prescription medications e | 5 (2, 9) | 1 (0, 4) | <0.001 |
Frequency-matched by sex, race, age, and geography; NS=not significant (at 0.05 level)
given the rarity of SLE in males, an equivalent number of male controls to cases was recruited, thus the female to male ratio within controls differs compared to cases
Other/unspecified races include: American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) (n=8), Asian (n=6), other/unknown (n=15).
Participants with dual Medicaid/Medicare coverage (73 SLE and 16 controls) were included in the Medicaid category
number of prescribed medications reported by participant as “currently taking” at the time of study visit [reported as median (interquartile range)]
chronic medication use defined as ≥3 months