Table 2.
Mean differences among U13 and U15 categories of each team.
| Variable | Bo U13 (45) | Bo U15 (53) | Ru U13 (28) | Ru U15 (36) | ∆ Bologna (U13−U15) | ∆ Russi (U13−U15) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) | t | p | 95% CI | t | p | 95% CI | |||
| Weight (kg) | 42.84 (6.58) | 57.24 (9.73) | 43.37 (9.35) | 55.01 (12.22) | −8.421 | <0.001 * | −17.79 | −11.00 | −4.170 | <0.001 * | −17.21 | −6.07 |
| Height (cm) | 154.12 (7.84) | 169.12 (9.28) | 147.39 (9.06) | 164.61 (1.53) | −8.562 | <0.001 * | −18.48 | −11.52 | −7.489 | <0.001 * | −21.82 | −12.63 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.95 (1.64) | 19.89 (2.19) | 19.82 (3.29) | 20.15 (3.29) | −4.921 | <0.001 * | −2.73 | −1.16 | −0.391 | 0.690 | −1.98 | 1.33 |
| Rel. arm circum. (cm) | 21.07 (1.75) | 23.54 (1.96) | 22.78 (2.94) | 24.27 (3.00) | −6.513 | <0.001 * | −3.21 | −1.71 | −1.994 | 0.050 * | −3.00 | 0.004 |
| Cont. arm circum (cm). | 22.84 (1.90) | 25.79 (2.89) | 24.22 (2.93) | 26.23 (3.36) | −5.850 | <0.001 * | −3.95 | −1.95 | −2.501 | 0.010 * | −3.61 | −0.40 |
| Calf circumf. (cm) | 30.79 (3.50) | 34.23 (3.70) | 32.04 (3.05) | 34.21 (3.10) | −4.699 | <0.001 * | −4.89 | −1.99 | −2.796 | 0.004 * | −3.72 | −0.62 |
| Thigh circumf. (cm) | 40.85 (3.67) | 45.64 (3.74) | 45.19 (4.90) | 47.91 (5.71) | −6.291 | <0.001 * | −6.29 | −3.30 | −2.011 | 0.049 * | −5.42 | −0.14 |
| Humeral diamet.(cm) | 6.02 (0.37) | 6.54 (0.35) | 5.89 (0.48) | 6.53 (0.42) | −7.198 | <0.001 * | −0.67 | −0.38 | −5.720 | <0.001 * | −0.87 | −0.42 |
| Femoral diamet. (cm) | 8.60 (0.48) | 9.34 (0.51)) | 8.95 (0.78) | 9.51 (0.59) | −7.321 | <0.001 * | −0.93 | −0.53 | −3.291 | 0.001 * | −0.90 | −0.22 |
| Biceps SK (mm) # | 1.57 (0.34) | 1.4 (0.26) | 1.96 (0.42) | 1.65 (0.42) | 2.841 | 0.006 * | 0.05 | 0.30 | 2.878 | 0.007 * | 0.09 | 0.52 |
| Triceps SK (mm) # | 2.1 (0.26) | 1.88 (0.29) | 2.36 (0.31) | 2.13 (0.37) | 3.971 | <0.001 * | 0.11 | 0.34 | 2.567 | 0.010 * | 0.05 | 0.4 |
| Subscapular SK (mm) # | 1.71 (0.21) | 1.84 (0.19) | 1.99 (0.43) | 1.96 (0.37) | −3.172 | 0.002 * | −0.21 | −0.05 | 0.222 | 0.831 | −0.18 | 0.23 |
| Supraspinal SK (mm) # | 1.64 (0.32) | 1.61 (0.22) | 2 (0.50) | 1.9 (0.45) | 0.491 | 0.631 | −0.09 | 0.14 | 0.812 | 0.424 | −0.14 | 0.34 |
| Suprailiac SK (mm) # | 2.01 (0.32) | 2.05 (0.25) | 2.34 (0.42) | 2.28 (0.39) | −0.629 | 0.53 | −0.15 | 0.08 | 0.611 | 0.542 | −0.14 | 0.27 |
| Thigh SK (mm) # | 2.30 (0.21) | 2.17 (0.21) | 2.49 (0.30) | 2.36 (0.38) | 3.111 | 0.003 * | 0.05 | 0.21 | 1.498 | 0.141 | −0.04 | 0.07 |
| Medial Calf SK (mm) # | 1.94 (0.33) | 1.83 (0.26) | 2.27 (0.28) | 2.01 (0.38) | 1.851 | 0.072 | −0.01 | 0.23 | 3.078 | 0.005 * | 0.09 | 0.44 |
| Lateral Calf SK (mm) # | 2.03 (0.28) | 1.96 (0.25) | 2.31 (0.27) | 2.11 (0.37) | 1.270 | 0.209 | −0.04 | 0.17 | 2.411 | 0.021 * | 0.03 | 0.37 |
| Total Upper area (cm3) # | 3.56 (0.17) | 3.78 (0.17) | 3.7 (0.26) | 3.83 (0.24) | −6.461 | <0.001 * | −0.29 | −0.15 | −2.051 | 0.046 * | −0.26 | −0.003 |
| Upper Muscle area (cm3) | 28.35 (5.40) | 35.69 (6.74) | 35.05 (10.42) | 39.48 (12.15) | −5.873 | <0.001 * | −9.81 | −4.86 | −1.541 | 0.130 | −10.19 | 1.33 |
| Upper Fat area (cm3) | 7.25 (0.72) | 8.72 (0.92) | 6.92 (0.83) | 8.13 (0.99) | −8.739 | <0.001 * | −1.80 | −1.14 | −5.192 | <0.001 * | −1.69 | −0.75 |
| Upper Fat Index (%) § | 20.74 (3.03) | 19.92 (2.24) | 17.5 (4.61) | 17.94 (3.96) | 0.101 | 0.920 | −0.15 | 0.17 | −0.041 | 0.959 | −0.19 | 0.18 |
| Total Calf area (cm3) # | 4.31 (0.23) | 4.53 (0.19) | 4.39 (0.19) | 4.53 (0.18) | −5.049 | <0.001 * | −0.30 | −0.13 | −2.781 | 0.011 * | −0.23 | −0.04 |
| Calf Muscle area (cm3) | 54.75 (15.04) | 72.18 (21.25) | 52.59 (9.70) | 67.03 (10.41) | −4.610 | <0.001 * | −24.94 | −9.92 | −5.672 | <0.001 * | −19.53 | −9.35 |
| Calf Fat area (cm3) | 21.70 (6,75) | 22.19 (6.55) | 29.85 (9.79) | 26.87 (11.54) | −0.361 | 0.723 | −3.16 | 2.18 | 1.087 | 0.281 | −2.46 | 8.43 |
| Calf Fat index (%) § | 28.53 (7.05) | 23.71 (5.57) | 35.8 (7.28) | 27.88 (8.10) | 3.702 | <0.001 * | 0.20 | 0.30 | 4.111 | <0.001 * | 0.45 | 0.27 |
| Total Thigh area (cm3) # | 4.88 (0.19) | 5.1 (0.17) | 5.08 (0.22) | 5.19 (0.24) | −6.241 | <0.001 * | −0.29 | −0.15 | −1.974 | 0.053 * | −0.23 | −0.001 |
| Thigh Muscle area (cm3) | 120.48 (22.1) | 151.07 (26.36) | 151.39 (35.63) | 170.59 (45.33) | −6.163 | <0.001 * | −40.44 | −20.73 | −1.841 | 0.073 | −40.05 | 1.64 |
| Thigh Fat area (cm3) | 13.42 (1.61) | 15.9 (1.73) | 13.04 (1.74) | 14.67 (2.67) | −7.289 | <0.001 * | −3.15 | −1.80 | −2.789 | <0.010 * | −2.79 | −0.46 |
| Thigh Fat index (%) § | 10.23 (1.61) | 9.67 (1.21) | 8.38 (2.35) | 8.41 (2.47) | 0.089 | 0.933 | −0.11 | 0.12 | −0.005 | 0.999 | −0.14 | 0.14 |
| Fat Mass (kg) # | 1.74 (0.32) | 1.77 (0.32) | 1.99 (0.50) | 1.95 (0.49) | −0.471 | 0.642 | −0.16 | 0.10 | 0.311 | 0.758 | −0.21 | 0.29 |
| Fat Free Mass (kg) | 36.90 (5.39) | 51.07 (8.86) | 35.19 (6.65) | 47.00 (9.67) | −9.360 | <0.001 * | −17.18 | −11.17 | −5.521 | <0.001 * | −16.08 | −7.53 |
| %FM § | 13.71 (2.93) | 10.80 (2.98) | 18.16 (5.59) | 14.19 (5.85) | 4.863 | <0.001 * | 0.22 | 0.28 | 2.756 | 0.009 * | 0.15 | 0.24 |
| Phase Angle # | 1.83 (0.15) | 1.84 (0.09) | 1.77 (0.06) | 1.85 (0.21) | −1.121 | 0.273 | −0.08 | 0.02 | −2.161 | 0.039 * | −0.15 | −0.01 |
| R/H (Ω/m) | 398.48 (58.30) | 318.96 (66.10) | 456.54 (93.15) | 340.07 (66.54) | 7.354 | <0.001 * | 58.05 | 101.00 | 5.831 | <0.001 * | 76.56 | 156.38 |
| Xc/H (Ω/m) | 66.49 (9.10) | 59.72 (6.03) | 67.98 (9.61) | 61.52 (8.63) | 4.381 | <0.001 * | 3.70 | 9.84 | 2.822 | 0.008 * | 1.89 | 11.03 |
| CMJ test (cm) | 28.35 (3.44) | 34.43 (4.97) | 24.12 (4.89) | 28.2 (5.55) | −6.698 | <0.001 * | −7.89 | −4.28 | −3.061 | 0.007 * | −6.73 | −1.42 |
| Sprint 15 m test (s) | 2.78 (0.13) | 2.47 (0.11) | 3.13 (0.19) | 2.86 (0.21) | 12.711 | <0.001 * | 0.26 | 0.36 | 4.963 | <0.001 * | 2.91 | 3.04 |
| RSA 15 x15 m (s) | 6.48 (0.23) | 5.78 (0.21) | 7.07 (0.43) | 6.47 (0.46) | 14.932 | <0.001 * | 0.61 | 0.79 | 4.691 | <0.001 * | 0.34 | 0.87 |
Note: Bo, Bologna F.C.; Ru, Russi U.S.; SD, Standard Deviation; t, student t; p, p-value; circum., circumference; rel., relaxed; cont., contracted; diamet., diameter; SK, skinfold; CMJ, counter movement jump; RSA, repeated sprint ability; SD, standard deviation; *, statistically significant; ∆, difference between; #, logarithmic scale; §, proportion analysis with the Z-test; C. I., Confidence Interval.