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. 2022 May 28;10(6):1260. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10061260

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proposed mechanism and therapeutic targets of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. For vaccine-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions, potential targets can be used to attenuate mast cell degranulation through medicines or biologic agents. Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies inhibit IgE–FcεRI interaction that initiates degranulation. Epinephrine acts as a physiologic antagonist of the effector mediators. Effector mediators released are inhibited by antihistamines and systemic corticosteroids. The symbol “X” represents it can block the pathway. ↑: Increase. Abbreviation: IgE, immunoglobulin E; FcεRI, Fc epsilon receptor.