| CRKP | carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| MIC | minimal inhibitory concentration |
| MBC | minimum bactericidal concentration |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| CRE | carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| RND | resistance-nodulation cell division |
| QAC | quaternary ammonium compound |
| SMR | small multidrug resistance family |
| SYS Memorial Hospital | Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital |
| CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute |
| Kpn | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| mCIM | modified carbapenem inactivation method |
| eCIM | EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method |
| QC | quality control |
| ATCC | American type culture collection |
| PVP-I | povidone-iodine |
| VAP | ventilator-associated pneumonia |