Figure 3.

Rheological simulation of the bioprinting process. Section 1 shows the different stages of the process with varying shear rate and temperatures. Phase I: Preheating of the hydrogel for cell seeding. T = 37 °C, $\dot{\gamma }$ = 1 1/s; Phase II: Cooling of the hydrogel. T = 4 °C, $\dot{\gamma }$ = 1 1/s; Phase III: Preheat of the hydrogel for printing process. T = 30 °C, $\dot{\gamma }$ = 1 1/s; Phase IV: Bioprinting Process, T = 30 °C, $\dot{\gamma }$ = 500 1/s; Phase V: Cooling of the hydrogel on the printing substrate, T = 20 °C, $\dot{\gamma }$ = 1 1/s. Section 2 shows a more detailed course of the rheology in phase V but with different temperatures. (A): 6% Gelatin 2% Alginate hydrogel. (B): 6% Gelatin 4% Alginate hydrogel.