Table 2.
The effects of BPA and its analogues on the LH, LHR and cAMP-PKA signaling pathways in the male reproductive system. Abbreviations: ↑ Increase; ↓ Decrease.
| Type of Bisphenol |
Purity (Manufacturer) |
Dose (Route) | Animal Cells | Duration of Exposure | Findings | Author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | 0.01 μM– 10 μM |
Mouse Leydig Tumor Cells (mLTC) | 1 h of preincubation | 100 μM: ↓ cAMP |
[50] |
| BPS | Sigma–Aldrich | (0, 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L BPS mg/kg body weight/day) of BPS | Weaning Sprague–Dawley rats at postnatal day 22 (PND) |
48 weeks | ↓ LH | [44] |
| BPAF | (99%) Tokyo Chemical Industry |
0, 2, 10, 50 and 200 mg/kg/day | Male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 7 weeks | 14 days | 200 mg/kg: ↓ LHR ↑ LH, FSH |
[49] |
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | low (2.4 or 10 g/kg/D BPA) and high (100 or 200 mg/kg/d BPA) doses 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 nm BPA |
Long–Evans strain of rat (Charles River, Wilmington, MA, USA) Adult Leydig cells obtained from 90-day-old rats with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 nm BPA for 18 h |
15 days of oral gavage 18 h incubation for adult Leydig cell |
↑ LH | [47] |
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich (natural exposure from polycarbonate cage) | 10−8 mol/liter | Leydig tumor cells (mLTC-1 cells) | preincubation of mLTC-1 cells for 48 h | ↓ cAMP | [51] |
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | 0.1 nM | rat Leydig R2C cells | 24 h | ↑ CREB ↑ cAMP ↑ PKA phosphorylation |
[52] |
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | 10 mM | CBA/Lac, C57BL/6j, BALB/c and 129S2 mouse strains | 17 h | ↓ LHR ↑ LH |
[48] |
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | 2 mg/kg/bw (s.c) | Offspring male Sprague Dawley | Perinatal exposure day 10 of gestation until day 7 of lactation | ↑ LH | [60] |
| BPF | J&K Scientific Ltd. | 0.1 and 1 mg/Lin aquarium water | Male Zebrafish | 21 days | ↑ LHR | [39] |
| BPA | Sigma-Aldrich | 5 or 25 mg/kg/bw (oral gavage) | Adult male Wistar rats | 40 days | ↓ LH | [36] |
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | 50 mg/kg/bw (oral gavage) |
Adult male Wistar rats | 14 days | ↓ LH | [40] |
| BPA | Sigma-Aldrich | 50 mg/kg/bw (oral gavage) |
Adult male Wistar rats | 30 days | ↓ LH | [42] |
| BPA | Sigma-Aldrich | 200 mg/kg (oral gavage) |
Adult male SD rat | 42 days | ↓ LH | [37] |
| BPA | - | 25 mg/kg/bw (i.p.) |
Adult male SD rats | Alternate day for 30 days | ↓ LH | [43] |
| BPA | Gracia chengdu chemical technology co | 200 mg/kg (oral gavage) | Adult male SD rats | 28 days | ↓ LH | [38] |
| BPF | Santa Cruz Biotechnologies | 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/bw (Oral gavage) |
Adult male SD rats | 28 days | ↓ LH | [61] |