Table 4.
The effects of BPA and its analogues on Ca2+ influx and Nur77 transcription factor in the male reproductive system. Abbreviations: ↑ Increase; ↓ Decrease.
| Type of Bisphenol |
Purity (Manufacturer) |
Dosage (Route) | Animal/ Cells |
Duration of Exposure | Findings | Author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | 10 pM, 10 nM & 10 µM | D. rerio (Ex vivo) | 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min incubation | 5, 10, 15, 20: No effect 30 min: BPA treatment at 10 pM and 10 nM stimulated Ca2+ influx |
[71] |
| BPA | Sigma–Aldrich | 0.1 pM, 1 pM & 10 nM | Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats of testes (Ex vivo) | 5 min incubation | BPA induces Ca2+ influx involved PKC activation in rat PLC inhibitors terminate the effect of BPA-induced Ca2+ influx. |
[72] |
| BPA TBBPA |
Sigma-Aldrich Santa Cruz |
10 nM | immature boar testis (Ex vivo) | 48 h | BPA and TBBPA ↑ (p < 0.01) of Ca2+ concentration | [73] |
| BPA & BADGE.2H2O | Sigma-Aldrich | 1 µM | K28 mouse Leydig tumor cell line | 24 h | BADGE.2H2O and BPA treatment ↑ Nur77 mRNA expression BADGE.2H2O treatment decrease the StAR expression |
[74] |
| BPA | Sigma-Aldrich | 1 μM | K28 mouse Leydig tumor cell line | 24 h | BPA specifically induces Nur77 gene expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner No changes of Nur77 after PKC inhibitor. BPA ↑ Nur77 gene promoter activity and its transactivation |
[75] |