Table 4.
Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) of physical fitness outcomes in the baseline and post-intervention and comparisons between-groups in both moments.
| Outcome | HIRT Baseline (Mean ± SD) | Control Baseline (Mean ± SD) | HIRT vs. Control (Baseline) | p-Value and d (Effect Size) | HIRT Post-Intervention (Mean ± SD) |
Control Post-Intervention (Mean ± SD) |
HIRT vs. Control (Post-Intervention) | p-Value and d (Effect Size) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YYIRT1 (m) | 1951.1 ± 97.5 | 1937.8 ± 98.2 | p = 0.776; d = 0.136 | 2195.6 ± 152.9 | 2053.3 ± 98.0 | p = 0.032 *; d = 1.108 |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 52.80 ± 0.80 | 52.68 ± 0.82 | p = 0.753; d = 0.151 | 54.84 ± 1.28 | 53.64 ± 0.82 | p = 0.031 *; d = 1.114 |
| 10 m ST (s) | 2.05 ± 0.07 | 2.05 ± 0.04 | p = 0.873; d = 0.077 | 1.97 ± 0.06 | 2.02 ± 0.04 | p = 0.041 *; d = 1.049 |
| 20 m ST (s) | 3.34 ± 0.15 | 3.37 ± 0.07 | p = 0.594; d = 0.256 | 3.24 ± 0.12 | 3.34 ± 0.05 | p = 0.040 *; d = 1.053 |
| 30 m ST (s) | 4.15 ± 0.12 | 4.12 ± 0.09 | p = 0.605; d = 0.249 | 3.91 ± 0.16 | 4.15 ± 0.29 | p = 0.044 *; d = 1.028 |
| RAST (s) | 4.48 ± 0.11 | 4.48 ± 0.10 | p = 0.920; d = 0.048 | 4.31 ± 0.07 | 4.43 ± 0.10 | p = 0.013 *; d = 1.311 |
| COD (s) | 15.98 ± 0.31 | 16.09 ± 0.35 | p = 0.753; d = 0.335 | 15.62 ± 0.28 | 15.99 ± 0.33 | p = 0.031 *; d = 1.175 |
| Cortisol (mcg/dL) | 307.3 ± 65.8 | 327.7 ± 71.1 | p = 0.536; d = 0.298 | 250.0 ± 42.4 | 312.1 ± 66.4 | p = 0.031 *; d = 1.115 |
| GH (ng/mL) | 4.68 ± 0.76 | 4.83 ± 0.72 | p = 0.673; d = 0.202 | 5.55 ± 1.03 | 5.20 ± 0.86 | p = 0.439; d = 0.374 |
| Testosterone (ng/dL) | 5.68 ± 0.80 | 5.00 ± 0.85 | p = 0.099; d = 0.826 | 6.45 ± 0.97 | 5.22 ± 0.79 | p = 0.009 *; d = 1.395 |
| T:C ratio (x103) | 1.95 ± 0.58 | 1.58 ± 0.37 | p = 0.126; d = 0.760 | 2.67 ± 0.70 | 1.73 ± 0.36 | p = 0.004; d = 1.693 |
| MDA (nmol/mL) | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.17 ± 0.04 | p = 0.106; d = 0.807 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | p = 0.353; d = 0.451 |
| SOD (ng/mg Hb) | 10.91 ± 1.89 | 9.02 ± 3.29 | p = 0.155; d = 0.704 | 12.22 ± 1.68 | 9.31 ± 3.39 | p = 0.035 *; d = 1.086 |
| GSH (μM) | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | p = 0.575; d = 0.270 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | p = 0.935; d = 0.039 |
SD: standard-deviation; HIRT: high-intensity resistance training; YYIRT1: The yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1; ST: sprint time; RAST: running-based anaerobic sprint test; VO2max: maximal oxygen uptake; COD: change-of-direction time; HIRT: high-intensity resistance training; GH: growth hormone; SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; GSH: Glutathione; T:C ratio: testosterone:cortisol ratio; *: significant different at p < 0.05.