Table 1.
Involvement of salicylic acid in plant–microorganism symbiotic interactions and defense priming.
| Interaction | Activity | Effect | Microbe | Host Plant | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant-Endophyte | Establishment of symbiosis | Downregulation of SA accumulation | Bartalinia pondoensis, Fusarium sp., Cochliobolus lunatus | Phaseolus lunatus | [38] |
| Epichloë spp. | Lolium multiflorum | [47] | |||
| Defense | Antiherbivory | Epichloë spp. | Lolium multiflorum | [47] | |
| Enhanced VOC emission | Bartalinia pondoensis, Fusarium sp., Cochliobolus lunatus | Phaseolus lunatus | [38] | ||
| Induction of PR genes. | Paenibacillus alvei | Arabidopsis thaliana | [49] | ||
| Induction of defense related genes | Pseudomonas fluorescens | Arabidopsis thaliana | [50] | ||
| Trichoderma spp. | Arabidopsis thaliana | [51,52] | |||
| Solanum lycopersicum | [53] | ||||
| Epichloë gansuensis | Achnatherum inebrians | [54] | |||
| Plant-Mycorrhiza | Establishment of symbiosis | Regulation of root colonization | Glomus mosseae | Pisum sativum | [61] |
| Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae | Nicotiana tabacum | [62] | |||
| Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis | Solanum lycopersicum, Glycine max, Zea mays | [63] | |||
| Glomus sp. | Solanum tuberosum, Medicago truncatula | [64] | |||
| Defense | Defense Priming | Glomus mosseae | Trifolium repens | [65] | |
| Rhizofagus irregularis | Vitis vinifera | [66] | |||
| Induction of defense related genes | Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis geosporus, Funneliformis mosseae | Pisum sativum | [67] | ||
| Glomus sp. | Solanum tuberosum, Medicago truncatula | [68] | |||
| Funneliformis mosseae | Triticum aestivum | [69] | |||
| Glomus intraradices | Oryza sativa | [70] | |||
| Glomus mosseae | Oryza sativa | [59] | |||
| Plant-Rhizobia | Establishment of symbiosis | Regulation of root colonization and nodule formation | Mesorhizobium loti | Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula | [71] |
| Sinorhizobium meliloti | Medicago sativa | [72] | |||
| Sinorhizobium meliloti | Medicago sativa | [73] | |||
| Decreased innate immunity within nodules | Sinorhizobium spp. | Medicago truncatula | [74] | ||
| Sinorhizobium spp | Medicago truncatula | [75] | |||
| Defense | Induction of defense related genes | Sinorhizobium spp. | Medicago truncatula | [75] | |
| Rhizobium leguminosarum, Sinorhizobium meliloti | Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum | [76] | |||
| Rhizobium leguminosarum | Pisum sativum | [77,78] | |||
| Sinorhizobium meliloti | Medicago truncatula | [79] |