Table 4.

Examples of molecular responses to pharmacological Nrf2 activation in non-CKD patients/models or cells.

Substance	Response	Reference
Curcumin	NQO1 activity↑	[182]
Curcumin	HO-1 protein↑	[183]
Curcumin	GLO1 activity↓	[184]
Resveratrol	NQO1 protein↑	[185]
Resveratrol	HO-1 protein↑	[185]
Resveratrol	GLO1 gene expression and activity↑	[186]
Sulforaphane	NQO1 activity↑	[187]
Sulforaphane	HO-1 protein↑	[188]
Sulforaphane	GLO1 protein and activity↑	[189]
Bardoxolone methyl	NQO1 gene expression↑	[34]
Bardoxolone methyl	HO-1 gene expression and protein↑	[190]

Abbreviations: NQO1—NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase 1; HO-1—heme oxygenase 1; GLO1—glyoxalase 1; ↑—increased; ↓—decreased.