Table 1.
Patient characteristics, comorbidities, exposure to invasive procedures in the previous 30 days and prosthesis wearers. Data are numbers (%) of cases, except where specified.
| Variables |
Enterobacterales (n = 2572) |
P. aeruginosa (n = 78) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender | 1274/2572 (49.9) | 53/78 (68.8) | <0.01 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 74 (62–83) | 70 (60–79) | 0.01 |
| Charlson Index, median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (3–7) | 0.32 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 681/2572 (26.5) | 16/78 (20.5) | 0.24 |
| Solid cancer | 636/2572 (24.7) | 29/78 (37.2) | 0.01 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 353/2572 (13.7) | 11/78 (14.1) | 0.92 |
| Dementia | 294/2572 (11.4) | 7/78 (9) | 0.50 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 291/2572 (11.3) | 14/78 (17.9) | 0.07 |
| Congestiveheartfailure | 271/2572 (10.5) | 8/78 (10.3) | 0.94 |
| Recurrent urinary tract infections | 270/2572 (10.5) | 5/78 (6.4) | 0.24 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 266/2572 (10.3) | 10/78 (12.8) | 0.48 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 233/2572 (9.1) | 17/78 (21.8) | <0.01 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 198/2572 (7.7) | 5/78 (6.4) | 0.67 |
| Obstructive urinary disease | 186/2572 (7.2) | 11/78 (14.1) | 0.02 |
| Ischaemic cardiomyopathy | 184/2572 (7.2) | 3/78 (3.8) | 0.26 |
| Chronic hepatic insufficiency | 180/2572 (7) | 7/78 (9) | 0.50 |
| Obstructive biliary disease | 154/2572 (6) | 4/78 (5.1) | 0.75 |
| Haematological malignancy | 91/2572 (3.5) | 12/78 (15.4) | <0.01 |
| Connective tissue disease | 76/2572 (3) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.84 |
| Neutropenia < 500 cells/µL | 36/2572 (1.4) | 7/78 (9) | <0.01 |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome | 14/2572 (0.5) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.02 |
| Healthcare-related factors | |||
| Healthcare-related acquisition | 950 (36.9) | 48/78 (61.5) | <0.01 |
| Admission toacute care hospitalin the previous 60 days | 432/2572 (16.8) | 28/78 (35.9) | <0.01 |
| Intravenous therapy a | 324/2572 (12.6) | 32/78 (41) | <0.01 |
| Outpatient care b | 313/2572 (12.2) | 22/78 (28.2) | <0.01 |
| Nursing home or long-term care facility a | 181/2572 (7) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.13 |
| Radiotherapy or chemotherapy a | 166/2572 (6.5) | 20/78 (25.6) | <0.01 |
| Woundcare or specialised nursing care at home a | 76/2572 (3) | 5/78 (6.4) | 0.08 |
| Admission tochronic care hospital in previous 60 days | 64/2572 (2.5) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.097 |
| Haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis a | 43/2572 (1.7) | 4/78 (5.1) | 0.03 |
| Exposure toinvasive procedures in previous 30 days | |||
| Any vascular catheter | 823/2572 (32) | 37/78 (47.4) | <0.01 |
| Previous antimicrobials | 610/2572 (23.7) | 29/78 (37.2) | <0.01 |
| Urinary catheter | 232/2572 (9) | 13/78 (16.7) | 0.02 |
| Long-term vascular catheter c | 172/2572 (6.7) | 19/78 (24.4) | <0.01 |
| Major surgery | 113/2572 (4.4) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.44 |
| Bronchoscopy | 49/2572 (1.9) | 4/78 (5.1) | 0.05 |
| Cystoscopy | 16/2572 (0.6) | 1/78 (1.3) | 0.47 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 14/2572 (0.5) | 0/78 | 0.51 |
| Transurethral prostate resection | 14/2572 (0.5) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.02 |
| Colonoscopy | 13/2572 (0.5) | 0/78 | 0.53 |
| Gastroscopy | 12/2572 (0.5) | 0/78 | 0.55 |
| Parenteral nutrition | 9/2572 (0.3) | 1/78 (1.3) | 0.19 |
| Prosthesis wearers | |||
| Jointprosthesis | 97/2572 (3.8) | 0/78 | 0.08 |
| Biliary prosthesis | 82/2572 (3.2) | 4/78 (5.1) | 0.34 |
| Ureteric stent | 55/2572 (2.1) | 3/78 (3.8) | 0.31 |
| Nephrostomy | 52/2572 (2) | 3/78 (3.8) | 0.27 |
| Pacemaker/Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | 48/2572 (1.9) | 0/78 | 0.22 |
| Prosthetic valves | 34/2572 (1.3) | 1/78 (1.3) | 0.98 |
| Osteosynthesis implant | 24/2572 (0.9) | 1/78 (1.3) | 0.75 |
| Vascular prosthesis | 18/2572 (0.7) | 0/78 | 0.46 |
| Ventricular shuntcatheter | 8/2572 (0.3) | 0/78 | 0.62 |
| Source of bloodstream infection | |||
| Urinary tract | 1520/2572 (49.1) | 26/78 (33.3) | <0.01 |
| Biliary tract | 498/2572 (19.4) | 7/78 (9) | 0.02 |
| Intraabdominal, non-biliary | 181/2572 (7) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.13 |
| Unknown | 176/2572 (6.8) | 10/78 (12.8) | 0.04 |
| Respiratory tract | 79/2572 (3.1) | 13/78 (16.7) | <0.01 |
| Skin and soft tissues | 31/2572 (1.2) | 4/78 (5.1) | <0.01 |
| Vascular catheter | 21/2572 (0.8) | 6/78 (7.7) | <0.01 |
| Osteoarticular | 2/2572 (0.1) | 1/78 (1.3) | <0.01 |
| Endocarditis | 2/2572 (0.1) | 4/78 (5.1) | <0.01 |
| Others | 16/2572 (0.6) | 2/78 (2.6) | 0.04 |
| Severity and outcome | |||
| Pitt score > 3 | 148/2572 (5.8) | 6/78 (7.7) | 0.47 |
| SOFA ≥ 2 | 785/2572 (30.5) | 23/78 (29.5) | 0.85 |
| Severe sepsis/septic shock | 678/2572 (26.4) | 20/78 (25.6) | 0.89 |
| 30-day mortality | 285/2572 (10.9) | 14/78 (17.9) | 0.05 |
IQR: interquartile range; a Previous 30 days; b Two or more attendance to outpatient clinics; c Long-term vascular catheters includes: central venous catheters, Port-a-Cath, peripheral inserted central catheters and tunneled catheters.