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. 2022 Jun 16;11(6):1186. doi: 10.3390/antiox11061186

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Therapeutic window of QN23 studied by Fluoro-Jade B assay (neuronal death). Ischemic animals were treated with vehicle (Vh), QN23 (2.0 mg/kg), or NXY-059 (40 mg/kg) by an intravenous injection at reperfusion onset (0 h), or at 1, 3, or 6 h of reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia. Neuroprotection was evaluated after 5 days of post-ischemic reperfusion. (a) Representative images of Fluoro-Jade B-stained hippocampal CA1 (CA1) and cortical (C) brain sections of vehicle- and QN23-treated animals at 1 h or 3 h of reperfusion and NXY-059-treated animals at 0 h of reperfusion. Dead neurons observed after Fluoro-Jade B staining within the CA1 and C regions were imaged by fluorescence microscopy (in green) and counted as described in the Materials and Methods section. (b) Bar graphs represent the neuronal death quantified in brain sections from vehicle-, QN23-, and NXY-059-treated animals in CA1 and C regions. For each group, 6–10 independent animals were averaged (10 animals treated with vehicle, 6–7 animals per QN23 treatment, and 6 animals per NXY-059 treatment); error bars indicate the SE. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01, compared with vehicle (Vh) by Dunnett’s post-test, and # p < 0.05, by Student’s t test, after ANOVA.