AASLD	American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
ACAT1	acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 1
ADA	American Diabetes Association
AFLD	alcoholic fatty liver disease
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
ApoE−/−	apolipoprotein E-deficient
ASH	alcohol-related steatohepatitis
BNP	brain natriuretic peptide
CAD	coronary artery disease
CI	confidence interval
CIDEB	cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector b
cIMT	carotid–intima media thickness
CK-18	cytokeratine-18
CRP	C-reactive protein
CT	computed tomography
CV	cardiovascular
CVD	cardiovascular diseases
CVOTs	cardiovascular outcome trials
DAMPs	damage-associated molecular patterns
DNL	de novo lipogenesis
DPP-4i	dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitors
EASD	European Association for the study of Diabetes
EASL	European Association for the Study of Liver
ECs	endothelial cells
eNOS	endothelium nitric oxide synthase
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FAO	fatty acid β-oxidation
FDA	Food and Drug Association
FFAs	free fatty acids
FibroScan	transient elastography
FOXO1	forkhead transcription factor O1
FXRs	farnesoid X receptors
GCKR	glucokinase regulator
GLP-1 RAs	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
GPAM	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
GWAS	genome-wide association studies
HAECs	human aortic endothelial cells
HbA1(c)	glycated hemoglobin
HMGB-1	high-mobility group protein 1
hsCRP	high-sensitivity c-reactive protein
HSCs	hepatic stellate cells
17β-HSD13	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13
ICAM-1	intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IL	interleukin
JNK	c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
KLF2	Krüppel-like Factor 2
LDLr−/−	low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient
LOX-1	lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1
Lp(a)	lipoprotein (a)
MACE	major adverse cardiovascular event
MBOAT7	membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MetS	metabolic syndrome
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
NAFLD	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NAS	NAFLD activity score
NASH	nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
NASH CRN	NASH Clinical Research Network
NCEH	neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase
NK	natural killer
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor protein 3
NLRs	NOD-like receptors
oxLDL	oxidized low-density lipoprotein
PAI-1	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PDFF	proton density fat fraction
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PNPLA3	patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3
PRRs	pattern recognition receptors
PUFAs	polyunsaturated fatty acids
PYGO1	Pygopus family PHD finger 1
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCFAs	short-chain fatty acids
SR	scavenger receptor
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor
TGR5	G-protein-coupled receptor 5
TGs	triglycerides
TIMP-1	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1
TIMPs	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
TLRs	toll-like receptors
TM6SF2	transmembrane 6 super-family member 2
TNF-a	tumor necrosis factor-a
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion molecule
VLDL	very low density lipoproteins
VSMC	vascular smooth muscle cells