| ACE2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| Calu3 | human lung cancer cell line |
| Caco2 | colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line |
| CD45RA+ | naive T cells |
| CD8 T | cytotoxic T cells |
| CTLs | cytotoxic T lymphocyte |
| COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |
| GALNT | n-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase |
| HeIM | scanning Helium-ion microscopy |
| HIF1-α | hypoxia-inducible factor 1 |
| HIV-1 | human immuno-deficiency virus 1 |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| IFN | interferon |
| K18-hACE2 | transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 receptor |
| KSHV | kaposi sarcoma associated herpes virus |
| MAVS | mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein |
| MHC-I | major histocompatibility complex I |
| MitoQ | mitoquinol |
| NAC | n-acetyl cysteine |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
| ORF6 | open reading frame protein 6 |
| ORF8 | open reading frame protein 8 |
| PRRs | pattern recognition receptors |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| SH-SY5Y | human-derived neuronal cells |
| TMPRESS2 | trans-membrane serine protease 2 |
| TNTs | tunneling nanotubes |
| TOM70 | mitochondrion import receptor subunit 70 |
| Tregs | regulatory T cells |
| VOCs | variants of concern |