Table 5.
Antioxidant potential of pecan shell extracts *.
| Sample | DPPH (% Inhibition) |
TPC (mg GAE/g Extract) | ABTS (Trolox Equivalent, μmol/g Extract) |
FRAP (Trolox Equivalent, μmol/g Extract) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F150 | 46.1 ± 0.3 f | 259.8 ± 2.7 h | 4920.6 ± 0.9 i | 4494.0 ± 3.8 j |
| F125 | 76.9 ± 1.3 cd | 349.0 ± 3.2 c | 5205.0 ± 3.5 e | 5217.6 ± 1.9 d |
| F100 | 81.4 ± 1.6 abc | 385.5 4.3 b | 5345.6 ± 0.9 b | 5800.2 ± 5.0 a |
| F80 | 86.8 ± 0.8 a | 444.1 ± 4.3 a | 5390.4 ± 2.3 a | 5653.0 ± 1.1 b |
| S150 | 33.7 ± 1.3 g | 284.2 ± 3.4 fg | 5053.8 ± 1.8 g | 5495.2 ± 2.1 c |
| S125 | 66.7 ± 2.1 e | 223.3 ± 4.8 i | 5131.9 ± 2.7 f | 5018.8 ± 0.1 e |
| S100 | 76.8 ± 0.4 cd | 294.3 ± 4.2 f | 5195.6 ± 4.4e | 4907.0 ± 1.1 f |
| S80 | 77.6 ± 0.2 bcd | 276.8 ± 3.8 g | 5253.8 ± 1.8 d | 4754.2 ± 2.9 h |
| FSON | 82.4 ± 1.1 abc | 333.7 ± 3.2 d | 5338.1 ± 0.8 b | 4880.6 ± 0.9 g |
| SSON | 74.1 ± 4.1 d | 310.4 ± 0.2 e | 5041.2 ± 3.6 h | 4267.2 ± 2.2 k |
| FMIC | 83.5 ± 0.8 ab | 362.1 1.7 c | 5288.1 ± 0.9 c | 4693.1 ± 4.4 i |
| SMIC | 78.3 ± 1.3 bcd | 287.8 ± 1.7 fg | 4069.5 ± 2.5 j | 4198.8 ± 3.5 l |
* The sample codes represent byproduct type and extraction method: F150 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream F at 150 °C; F125 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream F at 125 °C; F100 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream F at 100 °C; F80 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream F at 80 °C; FSON = Sonication aided extraction of the sample from byproduct stream F; FMIC = Microwave extraction of the sample from byproduct stream F; S150 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream S at 150 °C; S125 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream S at 125 °C; S100 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream S at 100 °C; S80 = ASE extraction of the sample from byproduct stream S at 80 °C; SSON = Sonication aided extraction of the sample from byproduct stream S; SMIC = Microwave extraction of the sample from byproduct stream s at 80 °C. Means in the same column with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD test, p > 0.05). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.