Figure 2.

Antimicrobial effects of KR-12-3 against S. gordonii. S. gordonii biofilms were treated with KR-12-3 for 24 h (a). The data are presented as mean ± SD; n = 3. ** p < 0.01 compared with control groups. The biofilms were stained and imaged by CLSM. Images of the control group show mature S. gordonii biofilms as indicated by grey arrows (b). The CLSM image of the KR-12-3 treatment group showed no obvious viable bacteria, only some dead bacteria, as indicated by the white arrows (c). The green color represented live bacterial cells, and the red/orange color represented dead bacterial cells. PBS was tested as a buffer control. The experiments were all repeated at least 3 times.