(a,c) Effects of peptides on LPS-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 in RAW264. Cells were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h in the presence or absence of the peptide (20 μg/mL). After culture, the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in the culture supernatant were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of independent experiments, * p < 0.05 Compared with unstimulated macrophages; ** p < 0.01 compared with LPS-stimulated macrophages; *** p < 0.001 compared with LPS-stimulated macrophages. (b,d) Effects of peptides on IL-6 and IL-8 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264 cells. Cells were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h in the presence or absence of peptides. The total mRNA was isolated, and the mRNA expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by RT-qPCR. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. ** p < 0.001 compared with unstimulated macrophages; * p < 0.05 compared with LPS-stimulated macrophages. The experiments were all repeated at least 3 times.