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. 2022 Jun 8;7(11):e155682. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.155682

Figure 3. Characterization of the hyperinflammatory state in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with CSA.

Figure 3

(A) Heatmap showing changes in expression of several serum inflammatory cytokines/chemokines over time in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. ND, not detected. (B) Box plots depicting baseline and post–CSA treatment (days 3 and 7) serum levels of select proinflammatory mediators implicated in the COVID-19 cytokine storm in evaluable patients. The boxes depict the first and third quartiles and bands within boxes indicate medians. Maximum and minimum data points are depicted by whiskers. P values were calculated using a parametric 2-sided Student’s t test for paired samples. Clinical assessments, such as (C) body temperature, (D) inflammation status (CRP levels), (E) white blood cell (WBC) counts, and (F) absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) are shown across all longitudinal time points for n = 10 patients with COVID-19 treated with CSA. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM.