Figure 4. Specific BA treatment increased the growth and GLP-1⁺ EEC number in the Gcg^Tomato (GcgCreERT2 crossed with Rosa26 tdTomato) mouse–derived enteroids.

Mouse duodenal enteroids were treated with cholic acid (CA; A–C), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; D–F), muricholic acid (MCA; G–I), deoxycholic acid (DCA; J–L), or tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUD; M–O) for 24 hours. The average enteroid area (A, D, G, J, and M), GLP-1⁺ cell number per enteroid (B, E, H, K, and N), and GLP-1⁺ cell number per enteroid area (GLP-1⁺ cell density; C, F, I, L, and O) were measured. n = 3–5 wells/group; each well contains 20 enteroids. Mean ± SEM. Statistics, ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (P) Representative images of enteroids treated with vehicle (Veh), CA, CDCA, DCA, MCA, or TUDCA (all 20 μM) for 24 hours. Scale bar: 100 μm.