Table 2.
Marine-derived drugs under clinical trial evaluation. Commercial name (when available), manufacturing company, clinical trial phase, cancer type and clinical trials identifier [48] are reported for each compound. Compounds in clinical trials for MM are in bold. NSCLC, nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma; SCLC, small-cell lung carcinoma; MM, multiple myeloma; RRMM, relapsed refractory multiple myeloma; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), S.T., solid tumours; GBM, glioblastoma; B.C., breast cancer; RCC, renal-cell carcinoma; PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumour; EOE, extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma; N/A, not available.
| Compound | Marine Organism | Commercial Name | Company | Clinical Trial Phase |
Cancer Type | Clinical Trials Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salinosporamide-A | Marine actinomycete | Marizomib ® | Triphase | Phase II Phase I Phase III Phase II |
MM, RRMM GBM GBM GBM |
NCT05050305 NCT04341311 NCT03345095 NCT03463265 |
|
Plinabulin
®
(NPI-2358) |
Fungus | N/A | BeyondSpring Pharmaceuticals | Phase II Phase II Phase III Phase I Phase II |
MM, NSCLC, NSCLC, NSCLC, SCLC |
NCT05130827 NCT02846792 NCT02504489 NCT02812667 NCT03575793 |
| Lurbinectedin (PM01183) | Tunicate | ZepzelkaTM | PharmaMar | Phase II Phase I Phase I Phase III Phase III Phase VI Phase I Phase I Phase I Phase I Phase I Phase II |
SCLC SCLC SCLC SCLC SCLC SCLC ST ST ST STST ST |
NCT04358237 NCT04253145 NCT05244239 NCT05153239 NCT05091567 NCT04894591 NCT04638491 NCT05072106 NCT02611024 NCT05063318 NCT05101265 NCT05126433 |
| AGS-16C3F | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Agensys and Astellas Pharma |
Phase II | RCC | NCT02639182 |
| PM060184 | Sponge | N/A | PharmaMar | Phase I Phase I |
ST ST |
NCT01299636 NCT02533674 |
| Tisotumab vedotin | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | HuMax®-TF-ADC | GenMab | Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II Phase II |
ST ST Cervical cancer ST Cervical cancer |
NCT02552121 NCT02001623 NCT03438396 NCT03245736 NCT03786081 |
| Ladiratuzumab vedotin (SGN-LIV1A) |
Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Seattle Genetics | Phase II Phase I Phase II |
ST BC BC |
NCT04032704 NCT01969643 NCT03310957 |
| Telisotuzumab vedotin (ABBV-399) |
Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Abbvie | Phase II Phase III Phase I |
NSLC NSLC ST |
NCT03539536 NCT04928846 NCT02099058 |
| Enapotamab vedotin | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | HuMax®-AXL | Genmab | Phase II | ST | NCT02988817 |
| RC-48 | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | RemeGen | Phase II | BC, | NCT05134519 |
| Phase II | Melanoma Stage II, HER2-positive, advanced melanoma |
NCT05135715 | ||||
| Phase II | Gastric cancer | NCT05241899 | ||||
| Phase II | Biliary tract cancer | NCT04329429 | ||||
| Phase II | Muscle invasive Bladder carcinoma, |
NCT05297552 | ||||
| Phase II | NSCLC | NCT04311034 | ||||
| Phase II | Urothelial carcinoma | NCT03809013 | ||||
| Phase I | ST | NCT02881190 | ||||
| Phase II | HER2-positive metastatic or unresectable urothelial cancer | NCT03507166 | ||||
| Phase III | Gastric cancer | NCT04714190 | ||||
| Phase II | Urothelial cancer |
NCT04073602 | ||||
| Phase III | HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, breast diseases |
NCT03500380 | ||||
| Phase II | Gastric cancer | NCT03556345 | ||||
| Phase II | Bladder cancer | NCT05016973 | ||||
| Phase III | Breast cancer | NCT04400695 | ||||
| Phase III | Urothelial cancer | NCT05302284 | ||||
| Phase II | Gastric cancer | NCT05313906 | ||||
| Phase II | Breast cancer | NCT03052634 | ||||
| Phase II | Urothelial cancer | NCT04879329 | ||||
| Phase II | Gastric cancer | NCT05113459 | ||||
| CAB-ROR2 (BA-3021) | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | BioAtla | Phase II | NSCLC, triple-negative breast cancer, melanoma, head and neck cancer |
NCT03504488 |
| CX-2029 (ABBV-2029) | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | AbbVie and CytomX Therapeutics | Phase II | ST, head and neck cancer, NSCLC, pancreatic cancer, DLBCL | NCT03543813 |
| W0101 | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Pierre-Fabre | Phase II | Advanced or metastatic ST | NCT03316638 |
| ARX-788 | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Ambrex and ZhejiangMedicine | Phase II | Breast cancer, | NCT04829604 |
| Phase I | ST, breast neoplasms, gastric neoplasm, |
NCT03255070 | ||||
| Phase II | HER2 mutation-related tumours HER2-amplified ST, |
NCT05041972 | ||||
| Phase II | Breast cancer | NCT05018676 | ||||
| Phase II | HER2-positive, metastatic breast cancer, | NCT05018702 | ||||
| Phase I | Breast neoplasms, stomach neoplasms, |
NCT02512237 | ||||
| Phase I | breast neoplasms | NCT04983121 | ||||
| XMT-1536 | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Mersana Therapeutics | Phase II | Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, NSCLC |
NCT03319628 |
| Phase II | Platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (UPGRADE-A) | NCT04907968 | ||||
| Phase II | Ovarian cancer, NSCLC |
NCT04396340 | ||||
| ALT-P7 | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | 3SBio and Alteogen | Phase I | ST | NCT03281824 |
| MORAb-202 | Sponge | N/A | Eisai | Phase I Phase II |
ST ST |
NCT03386942 NCT04300556 |
| PF-06804103 | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Pfizer and AbbVie | Phase I | Breast neoplasms | NCT03284723 |
| ZW-49 | Mollusc/cyanobacterium | N/A | Zymeworks and BeiGene | Phase I | HER2-expressing cancers | NCT03821233 |
| Synthetic alkaloid | Tunicate/sponge | Zalypsis® (PM00104) | PharmaMar | Phase II | Ewing’s Sarcoma, PNET, Askin’s Tumor of the chest wall, EOE |
NCT01222767 |
| Phase II | Uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer | NCT00900562 | ||||
| Phase I | ST lymphoma | NCT00359294 |