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. 2022 Jun 9;13:874723. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874723

Table 2.

Comparison of morphological parameters of Brassica napus L. irrigated with fulvic acid grown at different concentrations of paper sludge.

Growth parameters Concentrations of paper sludge (%) Treatments of FA
0 10% 20%
Root length (cm) 0 4.0cC ± 1.56 6.16bcB ± 2.86 6.7cA ± 2.52
5 6.0bB ± 1.73 6.66bA ± 2.51 7.0bA ± 2.53
10 6.83aC ± 0.76 7.33aB ± 1.52 8.0aA ± 1.00
15 3.0dB ± 1.89 3.8cA ± 2.37 3.93dA ± 2.67
Shoot length (cm) 0 24.33bB ± 2.69 28.6aA ± 2.77 29aA ± 2.64
5 27.33aB ± 2.79 28.16aB ± 2.67 31.66aA ± 2.78
10 17.83cC ± 2.14 20.0bB ± 2.01 26bA ± 2.77
15 7.5dB ± 1.23 13.0cA ± 1.01 14.5cA ± 1.52
Number of leaves 0 9.33aB ± 1.05 12.33aA ± 2.21 13.33aA ± 2.88
5 9.66aC ± 1.30 11.0bB ± 2.81 13aA ± 2.55
10 7.66bB ± 1.86 9.66cA ± 2.42 9.93cA ± 2.82
15 5.86cB ± 0.80 8.0dA ± 2.57 8.13cA ± 2.08
Number of flowers 0 2.33aB ± 1.20 2.66aB ± 1.30 3.0aA ± 2.10
5 2.66aA ± 2.30 2.99aA ± 1.40 3.06aA ± 1.99
10 2.0bB ± 0.15 2.33bB ± 2.11 3.1aA ± 1.54
15 2.0bB ± 0.05 2.5bA ± 0.5 2.0bB ± 1.00
Fresh weight of shoot (g) 0 15.42aC ± 1.04 16.03aB ± 2.09 18.86aA ± 2 0.38
5 14.55aB ± 1.02 14.94bB ± 2.40 18.8aA ± 1.12
10 10.05bC ± 1.27 12.93cB ±1.85 13.99aA ± 1.49
15 3.36cC ± 1.94 5.18dB ± 1.47 6.72cA ± 1.47
Fresh weight of root (g) 0 2.39aB ± 0.27 2.90aA ± 1.03 3.00aA ± 1.10
5 2.13aB ± 0.64 2.68aA ± 1.09 2.98bA ± 2.57
10 1.77bC ± 0.85 2.05bB ± 0.31 2.83bA ± 1.38
15 0.64cC ± 0.11 1.59cB ± 0.13 1.92cA ± 1.73
Dry weight of shoot (g) 0 2.49aB ± 1.10 2.87bB ± 0.76 6.84aA ±1.75
5 2.20aB ± 0.50 2.77bB ± 0.64 5.33bA ± 1.61
10 2.74aC ± 0.60 3.53aB ± 0.28 5.05bA ±1.33
15 0.48bB ± 0.10 0.53cA ± 0.20 0.59cA ± 0.60
Dry weight of root (g) 0 0.68aB ± 0.20 0.93aA ± 0.96 1.04aA ± 0.23
5 0.46bC ± 0.85 0.80aB ± 0.03 0.96aA ± 0.96
10 0.39cC ± 0.77 0.65bB ± 0.66 0.80aA ± 0.41
15 0.31cC ± 0.17 0.64bA ± 0.02 0.69cA ± 0.50

Each value is a mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, and different superscript lowercase letters in each column and capital letters within rows show a significant difference. Values with similar letters are significantly not different from each other according to DMRT at p ≤ 0.05.

FA, Fulvic acid; PS, Paper sludge.