. 2022 Jun 9;13:874723. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874723

Table 5.

Postharvest analysis of physicochemical parameters of different concentrations of paper sludge after plant harvesting.

Parameters	Paper sludge concentrations
	0%	5%	10%	15%
pH	7.9^a ± 0.05	8.0^a ± 0.52	8.07^a ± 0 0.62	8.12^a ± 1.07
EC (μScm⁻¹)	59^d ± 0.55	99^c ± 0.65	110^b ± 0.95	145^a ± 1.00
TDS (mgkg⁻¹)	802^d ± 0.62	1,346^c ± 0.73	1,496^b ± 0.89	1,972^a ± 1.01
Carbonates (mgkg⁻¹)	0	0	0	0
Bicarbonates (mgkg⁻¹)	1,250^d ± 0.95	1,569 ^c± 0.97	1,890^b ± 0.98	2,589^a ± 0.99
Calcium (mgkg⁻¹)	467^d ± 0.24	645^c ± 0.55	890^b ± 0.80	1,032^a ± 0.90
Magnesium (mgkg⁻¹)	95^d ± 0.90	112^c ± 0.97	149^b ± 0.98	199^a ± 0.99
Potassium (mgkg⁻¹)	59^d ± 0.55	63^c ± 0.61	84^b ± 0.79	98^a ± 0.85
Sodium (mgkg⁻¹)	149^d ± 0.60	230^c ± 0.64	461^b ± 0.72	690^a ± 1.00
Nitrogen (mgkg⁻¹)	35^d ± 0.70	67^c ± 0.80	74^b ± 0.85	89^a ± 1.01
Phosphorous (mgkg⁻¹)	14^d ± 0 0.67	20^c ± 0.81	39^b ± 1.31	51^a ± 1.58
Organic carbon (%)	0.99^c ± 0.07	1.00^c ± 0.10	1.50^b ± 0.20	1.90^a ± 0.50
Cadmium (mgkg⁻¹)	0.0015^d ± 0.01	10^c ± 0.60	15^b ± 0.89	22^a ± 0.93
Chromium (mgkg⁻¹)	0.001^d ± 0.001	180^c ± 0.68	280^b ± 0.71	301^a ± 0.76
Lead (mgkg⁻¹)	0.002^d ± 0.001	22^c ± 0.67	80^b ± 0.82	105^a ± 1.00

Each value is a mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, and different superscript letters in each column show significant differences according to DMRT at p ≤ 0.05.

0% = Control (Soil); PS, Paper Sludge.