Table 1.
Definition of high-level energy system metrics and their range across the decision space
| Metric name | Metric description | Metric range |
|---|---|---|
| Storage discharge capacity | total capacity of all storage technologies to discharge energy in any given hour, including low-temperature heat, hydrogen, and electricity | 0.03–11 TW |
| Curtailment | percentage of maximum available renewable electricity production from wind and solar photovoltaic technologies that is curtailed | 0%–6% |
| Biofuel utilization | percentage of available residual biofuels that are consumed | 0%–100% |
| Average national import | average annual import of electricity across all countries within the study area | 4–69 TWh |
| Electricity production Gini coefficient | degree of inequality of spatial distribution of electricity across all model regions, measured by the Gini coefficient of regional electricity production | 0.54–0.74 |
| Fuel autarky Gini coefficient | degree of inequality of spatial distribution of industry synthetic fuel production relative to industry fuel demand across all model regions, measured by the Gini coefficient of regional overproduction | 0.64–0.99 |
| EV as flexibility | Pearson correlation between timeseries of electric vehicle charging and that of primary electricity supply | 0.52–0.92 |
| Heat electrification | percentage of heat demand met by electricity-consuming, heat-producing technologies | 4%–100% |
| Transport electrification | percentage of road passenger and freight transport demand met by electric vehicles | 53%–100% |
Definition of high-level metrics that describe energy systems that may be particularly relevant to specific stakeholders or interest groups, and the range of values of each metric across all SPORES results. The metric values across all SPORES are shown scaled relative to their maximum values in Figures 3 and 4.