Table 1.
Sample characteristics and correlations with bimanual gesture imitation score (n = 507)
| Demographics | Value, mean ± SD or No. (%) | Range | r(P value) or MD (P value) | Age-adjusted P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age, y | 68.3 ± 14.6 | 22 to 101 | −0.2 (<.001) | |
| Women | 225 (55) | 0.2 (.19) | .167 | |
| Black | 127 (31) | −0.2 (.18) | .107 | |
| Education, y | 17.6 ± 2.4 | 8 to 25 | 0.01 (.84) | .669 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.3 ± 5.2 | 16.9 to 52.5 | −0.05 (.23) | .147 |
| Gesture imitation score | 19 ± 2 | 6 to 21 | ||
| Olfaction (n = 429) | 11 ± 3 | 3 to 16 | 0.25 (<.001) | <.001 |
| Cognition | ||||
| CVLT immediate recall | 54 ± 12 | 20 to 80 | 0.16 (<.001) | .023 |
| Delta TMT | 46 ± 31 | −13 to 188 | −0.22 (<.001) | <.001 |
| TMT part A, s | 31 ± 13 | 5 to 120 | −0.17 (<.001) | .044 |
| Card rotation | 91 ± 41 | 0 to 216 | 0.17 (<.001) | .021 |
| DSST | 45 ± 13 | 10 to 89 | 0.22 (<.001) | .004 |
| Letter fluency | 15 ± 4 | 3 to 28 | 0.08 (.084) | .303 |
| Category fluency | 16 ± 4 | 7 to 31 | 0.11 (.015) | .470 |
| Pegboard dominant hand performance, average number of pins from two trials | 13 ± 2 | 5 to 18.5 | 0.15 (.001) | .569 |
| Pegboard nondominant hand performance, average number of pins from two trials | 13 ± 2 | 6 to 18 | 0.18 (<.001) | .089 |
| Motor function | ||||
| Simple dominant hand mean tapping time, s/tap | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.12 to 0.30 | −0.06 (.176) | .519 |
| Simple nondominant hand mean tapping time, s/tap | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.13 to 0.27 | −0.10 (.025) | .803 |
| Complex mean tapping time, s/tap | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.07 to 0.67 | −0.12 (.009) | .290 |
| Usual gait speed, m/s | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.4 to 1.9 | 0.09 (.043) | .913 |
| Rapid gait speed, m/s | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 0.5 to 3.4 | 0.12 (.006) | .507 |
| 400-m Time, s (n = 480) | 278 ± 63 | 184 to 625 | −0.13 (.003) | .548 |
| Health ABC PPB score | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 0.2 to 3.8 | 0.12 (.007) | .813 |
| Total standing balance time, s | 80 ± 17 | 2 to 90 | 0.09 (.042) | .850 |
Note: P value was based on Pearson’s correlation analysis or independent t-test, as appropriate. Values of olfactory score and time to complete TMT part A were log transformed due to skewed distributions. Olfactory test version was controlled in the analysis.
Abbreviations: CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; MD, mean difference; PPB, Physical Performance Battery; TMT, Trail Making Test.