Table 5.
Relationship between psychosocial and environmental factors and tic recurrence (modifiable factor).
| Related Factor | Recurrence Group, n (%) | Control Group, n (%) | OR | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improper parenting/excessive discipline | 58 (33.3%) | 63 (47.7%) | 0.839 | 0.462 |
| Divorced and fighting parents | 10 (5.7%) | 10 (7.6%) | 1.086 | 0.862 |
| Parents not around | 3 (1.7%) | 3 (2.3%) | 0.988 | 0.989 |
| Emotional stimulation | 22 (12.6%) | 10 (7.6%) | 2.700 | 0.015 * |
| Stress and fatigue | 17 (9.8%) | 6 (4.5%) | 3.421 | 0.013 * |
| Too much screen time | 14 (8.0%) | 4 (3.0%) | 4.663 | 0.008 * |
| After trauma and illness | 7 (4.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 4.408 | 0.069 |
| Renovation | 12 (6.9%) | 9 (6.8%) | 1.010 | 0.985 |
| Moving | 20 (11.5%) | 18 (13.6%) | 1.225 | 0.597 |
| Environmental changes | 11 (6.3%) | 7 (5.3%) | 1.665 | 0.327 |
* indicates: p < 0.05, The difference had statistically significant.