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. 2022 Jun 19;12(6):850. doi: 10.3390/biom12060850

Table 1.

CSCs secrete cytokines and other soluble protein molecules to recruit macrophages.

Chemokines Produced by CSCs Chemokine Receptor Type of Cancer Associated Signaling Pathway/Mechanism of Chemokine Secretion Reference
CCL2 1 CCR2 Glioblastoma IFNγ [47]
Breast cancer β-Catenin [48]
Bladder cancer Not shown [39]
Hepatocellular carcinoma Hippo [43]
CCL3 CCR1/CCR5 Bladder cancer Not shown [49,50]
Leukemia Not shown [51]
CCL5 CCR5, CCR1, CCR2 Glioblastoma PI3K 2/AKT [52,53]
Optic glioma Not shown [54]
Hepatocellular carcinoma Not shown [55]
CCL8 CCR2 Bladder cancer Not shown [56]
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma Not shown [57]
CCL9 CCR1 Non-small cell lung cancer Not shown [58]
CXCL5 3 CXCR2 Hepatocellular carcinoma Sox9 [59]
CXCL12 CXCR4 Leukemia Not shown [42]
Colon cancer NF-κB 4 [60]
CXCL14 Not shown Lung cancer Not shown [61]
IL-10 IL-10R Ovarian cancer WNT [62]
IL-33 ST2 Squamous cell carcinoma NRF2 [44]
CSF1 5 CSF1R Hepatocellular carcinoma Hippo [43]
Non-small cell lung cancer IRF5 [63]
Glioblastoma STAT3 6 [64]
TGF-β 7 Not shown Glioblastoma STAT3 [64]
MIC-1 8 Not shown Glioblastoma Not shown [64]
Pancreatic cancer Not shown [65]
LOX 9 Not shown Pancreatic cancer Not shown [66]
VEGF 10 VEGFR Colorectal cancer Six1/MAPK 11 & PI3K/AKT/mTOR [67,68]
OLFML3 12 Not shown Glioblastoma CLOCK-BMAL1 [40]
Sdf1 13 Cxcr4b Brain tumor AKT1 [41]
POSTN 14 Integrinαvβ₃ Glioblastoma Not shown [69]
CX3CL1 CX3CR1 Testicular germ cell tumors Not shown [70]
HGF 15 Not shown Glioblastoma HGF-MET axis [71]
MIF CXCR4 Glioblastoma Not shown [72]
FGL2 Not shown Glioblastoma Not shown [73]

1 C-C-motif chemokine ligand 2; 2 Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; 3 CXC motif chemokine ligand 5; 4 Nuclear factor-kappa B; 5 Colony-stimulating factor-1; 6 Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3; 7 Transforming growth factor β; 8 Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1; 9 Lipoxygenase; 10 Vascular epidermal growth factor; 11 Mitogen-activated protein kinase; 12 Olfactomedin like 3; 13 Stromal-cell-derived factor-1b; 14 Periostin; 15 Hepatocyte growth factor.